{"id":93694,"date":"2025-10-31T14:10:19","date_gmt":"2025-10-31T13:10:19","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/sdcverifier.com\/sin-categoria\/bv-nr615-2023-pandeo-de-placas-punto-de-referencia-verificado-calculos-manuales-frente-a-sdc-verifier\/"},"modified":"2026-04-15T16:22:23","modified_gmt":"2026-04-15T14:22:23","slug":"bv-nr615-2023-pandeo-de-placas-punto-de-referencia-verificado-calculos-manuales-frente-a-sdc-verifier","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/sdcverifier.com\/es\/benchmarks\/bv-nr615-2023-pandeo-de-placas-punto-de-referencia-verificado-calculos-manuales-frente-a-sdc-verifier\/","title":{"rendered":"BV NR615 (2023) Pandeo de placas &#8211; Punto de referencia verificado (C\u00e1lculos manuales frente a SDC Verifier)"},"content":{"rendered":"\n\n                    <div class=\"single-article__block\">\n                        <div class=\"single-article__head head\">\n                                    <div class=\"head__card\">\n                        <div class=\"head__left\">\n                            <span style=\"background-color:#C6FFE4\"; class=\"head__tag\">Puntos de referencia<\/span>                                                            <h1>BV NR615 (2023) Pandeo de placas &#8211; Punto de referencia verificado (C\u00e1lculos manuales frente a SDC Verifier)<\/h1>\n                                                                                                                    <div class=\"head__links\">\n                                    <span class=\"head__link\">\/ 31 Oct 2025<\/span>\n                                                                            <span class=\"head__link\">\n                                            \/ por:\n                                            <img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/sdcverifier.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/Yurii_Shumak.jpg\" alt=\"User Avatar\" class=\"avatar avatar-16\" width=\"16\" height=\"16\">                                            <a href=\"https:\/\/sdcverifier.com\/es\/author\/yurii-shumak\/\" title=\"Entradas de Yurii Shumak\" rel=\"author\">Yurii Shumak<\/a>                                        <\/span>\n                                                                                                        <\/div>\n                                                                                        <div class=\"head__hashtags\">\n                                    <div class=\"head__hashtag\">Bureau Veritas<\/div><div class=\"head__hashtag\">BV NR615<\/div><div class=\"head__hashtag\">Pandeo de placas<\/div>                                <\/div>\n                                                                                <\/div>\n                        <div class=\"head__right\"><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1080\" src=\"https:\/\/sdcverifier.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/01_Benchmark-6_compressed.webp\" class=\"attachment-full size-full wp-post-image\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/sdcverifier.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/01_Benchmark-6_compressed.webp 1920w, https:\/\/sdcverifier.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/01_Benchmark-6_compressed-300x169.webp 300w, https:\/\/sdcverifier.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/01_Benchmark-6_compressed-802x451.webp 802w, https:\/\/sdcverifier.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/01_Benchmark-6_compressed-768x432.webp 768w, https:\/\/sdcverifier.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/01_Benchmark-6_compressed-1536x864.webp 1536w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\" \/><\/div>                    <\/div>\n                                                    <ul class=\"head__list\">\n                                                    <li >\n                                Validamos la comprobaci\u00f3n de pandeo de placas BV NR615 (2023) de SDC Verifier frente a c\u00e1lculos manuales en una placa de prueba de una estructura naval. La placa de enfoque era de 3,4 m \u00d7 1,35 m \u00d7 12 mm, de acero dulce; las tensiones (\u03c3x, \u03c3y, \u03c4) proced\u00edan del MEF, y se utilizaron las mismas entradas en ambos m\u00e9todos.                             <\/li>\n                                                    <li >\n                                M\u00e9todo: confirme la esbeltez, calcule la tensi\u00f3n el\u00e1stica de referencia y las tensiones cr\u00edticas (x, y, cortante), resuelva los estados l\u00edmite I-IV y, a continuaci\u00f3n, ejecute la configuraci\u00f3n id\u00e9ntica en SDC Verifier para comparar la utilizaci\u00f3n (pasa cuando &lt; 1,0).                            <\/li>\n                                                    <li >\n                                Resultado: ambas rutas coinciden dentro de \u22640,2%. El valor rector es UF global = 0,562 (c\u00e1lculo manual 0,567). Se satisface la esbeltez. Neto: la implementaci\u00f3n de NR615 en SDC Verifier es coherente y est\u00e1 lista para su uso en producci\u00f3n.                               <\/li>\n                                            <\/ul>\n                                <p>Este punto de referencia eval\u00faa la precisi\u00f3n y fiabilidad del an\u00e1lisis de pandeo de placas realizado con SDC Verifier compar\u00e1ndolo con c\u00e1lculos manuales detallados basados en la norma BV NR615 Buckling Assessment of Plated Structures (edici\u00f3n de julio de 2023).<\/p>\n<p>Se model\u00f3 una placa de prueba con unas dimensiones de 10,2 \u00d7 5,4 \u00d7 1,1 metros y se carg\u00f3 con una combinaci\u00f3n de fuerzas axiales, transversales y de cizallamiento. Una de las placas superiores -de 3,4 \u00d7 1,35 metros y 12 mm de grosor- se seleccion\u00f3 para una comprobaci\u00f3n focalizada. El material utilizado fue acero dulce y todas las condiciones de contorno, escenarios de carga y coeficientes basados en el c\u00f3digo se aplicaron de forma coherente en ambos m\u00e9todos de c\u00e1lculo.  <\/p>\n<p>El objetivo era:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Verifique los requisitos de esbeltez,<\/li>\n<li>Calcule la tensi\u00f3n de pandeo el\u00e1stico y los factores de tensi\u00f3n cr\u00edtica,<\/li>\n<li>Resuelva anal\u00edticamente las cuatro ecuaciones de estado l\u00edmite BV NR615,<\/li>\n<li>Derive las tensiones \u00faltimas de pandeo y el factor de utilizaci\u00f3n,<\/li>\n<li>Valide los resultados mediante una simulaci\u00f3n MEF completa y una comprobaci\u00f3n del SDC Verifier.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n                                    <nav class=\"single-article__navigation single-article__navigation--collapsed\">\n                        <span>Table of Contents<\/span>\n                        <div class=\"navigation\"><\/div>\n                    <\/nav>\n                                                <div class=\"btns\">\n                                    <\/div>\n            <\/div>\n                        <\/div>\n                <!-- post header -->\n\n<div class=\"single-article__block\">\n    <h2>C\u00e1lculos manuales<\/h2>    <p>Se dise\u00f1\u00f3 un modelo de placa de prueba con unas dimensiones <strong>de 10,2 \u00d7 5,4 \u00d7 1,1 m<\/strong> para realizar este an\u00e1lisis comparativo:<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-83986\" src=\"https:\/\/sdcverifier.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/Screenshot-2025-04-10-173719.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"798\" height=\"262\" srcset=\"https:\/\/sdcverifier.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/Screenshot-2025-04-10-173719.png 798w, https:\/\/sdcverifier.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/Screenshot-2025-04-10-173719-300x98.png 300w, https:\/\/sdcverifier.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/Screenshot-2025-04-10-173719-768x252.png 768w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 798px) 100vw, 798px\" \/><\/p>\n<p>El modelo se constri\u00f1\u00f3 en las cuatro esquinas inferiores donde se conectan las placas laterales. Se aplicaron fuerzas en los bordes de la placa superior con los siguientes valores: <\/p>\n<p>\\[ \\left| F_{L}^{+} \\right|| = \\left| F_{L}^{-}  \\right| = 3000\\,\\mathrm{kN}  \\]\n\\[ \\left| F_{S}^{+} \\right|| = \\left| F_{S}^{-}  \\right| = 2550\\,\\mathrm{kN}  \\]\n\\[ \\left| F_{P}^{+} \\right|| = \\left| F_{P}^{-}  \\right| = 2500\\,\\mathrm{kN}  \\]\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-83987\" src=\"https:\/\/sdcverifier.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/Screenshot-2025-04-10-173755.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"487\" height=\"263\" srcset=\"https:\/\/sdcverifier.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/Screenshot-2025-04-10-173755.png 487w, https:\/\/sdcverifier.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/Screenshot-2025-04-10-173755-300x162.png 300w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 487px) 100vw, 487px\" \/><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n<div class=\"single-article__block\">\n    <h2>Placa seleccionada y propiedades del material<\/h2>    <p>Se eligi\u00f3 una de las placas superiores para todos los c\u00e1lculos incluidos en la comprobaci\u00f3n.<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-83990\" src=\"https:\/\/sdcverifier.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/Screenshot-2025-04-10-173926.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"548\" height=\"252\" srcset=\"https:\/\/sdcverifier.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/Screenshot-2025-04-10-173926.png 548w, https:\/\/sdcverifier.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/Screenshot-2025-04-10-173926-300x138.png 300w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 548px) 100vw, 548px\" \/><\/p>\n<p><strong>Dimensiones de la placa:<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Longitud: \ud835\udc4e = 3.400 \ud835\udc5a<\/li>\n<li>Anchura: \ud835\udc4f = 1,350 \ud835\udc5a<\/li>\n<li>Espesor: <sub>\ud835\udc61\ud835\udc5d <\/sub>= 0,012 \ud835\udc5a<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>Propiedades del material de acero dulce:<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>M\u00f3dulo de Young: \ud835\udc38 = 210 \ud835\udc3a\ud835\udc43\ud835\udc4e<\/li>\n<li>Relaci\u00f3n de Poisson: \ud835\udf08 = 0,3<\/li>\n<li>Densidad de masa: \ud835\udf0c = 7850 <sup>\ud835\udc58\ud835\udc54\/\ud835\udc5a3<\/sup><\/li>\n<li>Resistencia a la tracci\u00f3n:<sub>\ud835\udc45\ud835\udc5a<\/sub> = 360 \ud835\udc40\ud835\udc43\ud835\udc4e<\/li>\n<li>Tensi\u00f3n de fluencia: <sub>\ud835\udc45\ud835\udc52\ud835\udc3b_P <\/sub>= 235 \ud835\udc40\ud835\udc43\ud835\udc4e<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>Debido a la complejidad del modelo, todos los valores de tensi\u00f3n necesarios se obtuvieron con ayuda del MEF.<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Valores obtenidos:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><sub>\ud835\udf0e\ud835\udc65<\/sub> = 37,14 \ud835\udc40\ud835\udc43\ud835\udc4e<\/li>\n<li><sub>\ud835\udf0e\ud835\udc66=25<\/sub>,12 \ud835\udc40\ud835\udc43\ud835\udc4e<\/li>\n<li>\ud835\udf0f=16,34 \ud835\udc40\ud835\udc43\ud835\udc4e<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Para comprobar los resultados, primero se realizaron c\u00e1lculos anal\u00edticos.<\/p>\n<p>Comprobaci\u00f3n de los requisitos de esbeltez (Sec. 2 \/ [2.1]):<\/p>\n<p><math display=\"block\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\"><semantics><mrow><msub><mi>t<\/mi><mi>p<\/mi><\/msub><mo>&gt;<\/mo><mfrac><mi>b<\/mi><mi>c<\/mi><\/mfrac><msqrt><mfrac><msub><mi>R<\/mi><mrow><mi>e<\/mi><mi>H<\/mi><\/mrow><\/msub><mn>235<\/mn><\/mfrac><\/msqrt><\/mrow><annotation encoding=\"application\/x-tex\">t_p &gt; frac{b}{c} sqrt{frac{R_{eH}}{235}}<\/annotation><\/semantics><\/math> <math display=\"block\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\"><semantics><mrow><mn>12<\/mn><mtext> <\/mtext><mi>m<\/mi><mi>m<\/mi><mo>&gt;<\/mo><mfrac><mn>1350<\/mn><mn>125<\/mn><\/mfrac><mo>\u22c5<\/mo><msqrt><mfrac><mn>235<\/mn><mn>235<\/mn><\/mfrac><\/msqrt><mtext> <\/mtext><mi>m<\/mi><mi>m<\/mi><\/mrow><\/semantics><\/math><\/p>\n<p class=\"\" data-start=\"359\" data-end=\"380\"><strong>\u2705 12 mm &gt; 10,8 mm<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Ecuaciones finales para los estados l\u00edmite<\/p>\n<p>(Seg\u00fan el c\u00f3digo Sec. 5 \/ [2.2.1]):<\/p>\n<p><strong>I.<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\">\\[<br \/>\n\\left(\\frac{\\gamma_{c1}\\,\\sigma_x\\,S}{\\sigma_{cx}&#8217;}\\right)^{e_{0}}<br \/>\n+ \\left(\\frac{\\gamma_{c1}\\,\\sigma_y\\,S}{\\sigma_{cy}&#8217;}\\right)^{e_{0}}<br \/>\n+ \\left(\\frac{\\gamma_{c1}\\,\\left|\\tau\\right|\\,S}{\\tau_{c}&#8217;}\\right)^{e_{0}}<br \/>\n&#8211; \\Omega = 1<br \/>\n\\]\n\\[<br \/>\n\\Omega<br \/>\n= B\\,<br \/>\n\\left(\\frac{\\gamma_{c1}\\,\\sigma_x\\,S}{\\sigma_{cx}&#8217;}\\right)^{e_{0}\/2}<br \/>\n\\left(\\frac{\\gamma_{c1}\\,\\sigma_y\\,S}{\\sigma_{cy}&#8217;}\\right)^{e_{0}\/2}<br \/>\n\\]\n<p class=\"\" data-start=\"526\" data-end=\"564\"><strong data-start=\"526\" data-end=\"533\">II.<\/strong> (cuando<\/p>\n<p><math xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\"><semantics><mrow><msub><mi>\u03c3<\/mi><mi>x<\/mi><\/msub><mo>\u2265<\/mo><mn>0<\/mn><\/mrow><annotation encoding=\"application\/x-tex\">sigma_x geq 0<\/annotation><\/semantics><\/math> <math display=\"block\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\"><semantics><mrow><msup><mrow><mo fence=\"true\">(<\/mo><mfrac><mrow><msub><mi>\u03b3<\/mi><mrow><mi>c<\/mi><mn>2<\/mn><\/mrow><\/msub><msub><mi>\u03c3<\/mi><mi>x<\/mi><\/msub><mi>S<\/mi><\/mrow><msubsup><mi>\u03c3<\/mi><mrow><mi>c<\/mi><mi>x<\/mi><\/mrow><mo lspace=\"0em\" mathvariant=\"normal\" rspace=\"0em\">\u2032<\/mo><\/msubsup><\/mfrac><mo fence=\"true\">)<\/mo><\/mrow><mfrac><mn>2<\/mn><msubsup><mi>\u03b2<\/mi><mi>p<\/mi><mn>0.25<\/mn><\/msubsup><\/mfrac><\/msup><mo>+<\/mo><msup><mrow><mo fence=\"true\">(<\/mo><mfrac><mrow><msub><mi>\u03b3<\/mi><mrow><mi>c<\/mi><mn>2<\/mn><\/mrow><\/msub><mi mathvariant=\"normal\">\u2223<\/mi><mi>\u03c4<\/mi><mi mathvariant=\"normal\">\u2223<\/mi><mi>S<\/mi><\/mrow><msubsup><mi>\u03c4<\/mi><mi>c<\/mi><mo lspace=\"0em\" mathvariant=\"normal\" rspace=\"0em\">\u2032<\/mo><\/msubsup><\/mfrac><mo fence=\"true\">)<\/mo><\/mrow><mfrac><mn>2<\/mn><msubsup><mi>\u03b2<\/mi><mi>p<\/mi><mn>0.25<\/mn><\/msubsup><\/mfrac><\/msup><mo>=<\/mo><mn>1<\/mn><\/mrow><\/semantics><\/math><\/p>\n<p class=\"\" data-start=\"739\" data-end=\"778\"><strong data-start=\"739\" data-end=\"747\">III.<\/strong> (cuando<\/p>\n<p><math xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\"><semantics><mrow><msub><mi>\u03c3<\/mi><mi>y<\/mi><\/msub><mo>\u2265<\/mo><mn>0<\/mn><\/mrow><\/semantics><\/math> <math xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\"><semantics><annotation encoding=\"application\/x-tex\">sigma_y geq 0<\/annotation><\/semantics><\/math> <math display=\"block\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\"><semantics><mrow><msup><mrow><mo fence=\"true\">(<\/mo><mfrac><mrow><msub><mi>\u03b3<\/mi><mrow><mi>c<\/mi><mn>3<\/mn><\/mrow><\/msub><msub><mi>\u03c3<\/mi><mi>y<\/mi><\/msub><mi>S<\/mi><\/mrow><msubsup><mi>\u03c3<\/mi><mrow><mi>c<\/mi><mi>y<\/mi><\/mrow><mo lspace=\"0em\" mathvariant=\"normal\" rspace=\"0em\">\u2032<\/mo><\/msubsup><\/mfrac><mo fence=\"true\">)<\/mo><\/mrow><mfrac><mn>2<\/mn><msubsup><mi>\u03b2<\/mi><mi>p<\/mi><mn>0.25<\/mn><\/msubsup><\/mfrac><\/msup><mo>+<\/mo><msup><mrow><mo fence=\"true\">(<\/mo><mfrac><mrow><msub><mi>\u03b3<\/mi><mrow><mi>c<\/mi><mn>3<\/mn><\/mrow><\/msub><mi mathvariant=\"normal\">\u2223<\/mi><mi>\u03c4<\/mi><mi mathvariant=\"normal\">\u2223<\/mi><mi>S<\/mi><\/mrow><msubsup><mi>\u03c4<\/mi><mi>c<\/mi><mo lspace=\"0em\" mathvariant=\"normal\" rspace=\"0em\">\u2032<\/mo><\/msubsup><\/mfrac><mo fence=\"true\">)<\/mo><\/mrow><mfrac><mn>2<\/mn><msubsup><mi>\u03b2<\/mi><mi>p<\/mi><mn>0.25<\/mn><\/msubsup><\/mfrac><\/msup><mo>=<\/mo><mn>1<\/mn><\/mrow><\/semantics><\/math><\/p>\n<p class=\"\" data-start=\"953\" data-end=\"962\"><strong data-start=\"953\" data-end=\"960\">IV.<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><math display=\"block\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\"><semantics><mrow><mfrac><mrow><msub><mi>\u03b3<\/mi><mrow><mi>c<\/mi><mn>4<\/mn><\/mrow><\/msub><mi mathvariant=\"normal\">\u2223<\/mi><mi>\u03c4<\/mi><mi mathvariant=\"normal\">\u2223<\/mi><mi>S<\/mi><\/mrow><msubsup><mi>\u03c4<\/mi><mi>c<\/mi><mo lspace=\"0em\" mathvariant=\"normal\" rspace=\"0em\">\u2032<\/mo><\/msubsup><\/mfrac><mo>=<\/mo><mn>1<\/mn><\/mrow><\/semantics><\/math><\/p>\n<p data-start=\"58\" data-end=\"95\">Relaci\u00f3n de aspecto del panel de chapa<\/p>\n<p class=\"\" data-start=\"96\" data-end=\"130\">(Sec. 5 \/ S\u00edmbolos)<\/p>\n<p class=\"\" data-start=\"132\" data-end=\"244\">La relaci\u00f3n de aspecto a del panel de placas se define como la relaci\u00f3n entre su longitud \ud835\udc4e y su anchura \ud835\udc4f:<\/p>\n<p><math display=\"block\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\"><semantics><mrow><mi>\u03b1<\/mi><mo>=<\/mo><mfrac><mi>a<\/mi><mi>b<\/mi><\/mfrac><mspace width=\"2em\"><\/mspace><mi>\u03b1<\/mi><mo>=<\/mo><mfrac><mn>3.40<\/mn><mn>1.35<\/mn><\/mfrac><mspace width=\"2em\"><\/mspace><mi>\u03b1<\/mi><mo>=<\/mo><mn>2.519<\/mn><\/mrow><\/semantics><\/math><\/p>\n<p data-start=\"66\" data-end=\"105\">Tensi\u00f3n de referencia de pandeo el\u00e1stico<\/p>\n<p class=\"\" data-start=\"106\" data-end=\"140\">(Sec. 5 \/ S\u00edmbolos)<\/p>\n<p>La tensi\u00f3n de referencia de pandeo el\u00e1stico \ud835\udf0e <sub>\ud835\udc38<\/sub> se calcul\u00f3 mediante la f\u00f3rmula:<\/p>\n<p><math display=\"block\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\"><semantics><mrow><msub><mi>\u03c3<\/mi><mi>E<\/mi><\/msub><mo>=<\/mo><mfrac><mrow><msup><mi>\u03c0<\/mi><mn>2<\/mn><\/msup><mi>E<\/mi><\/mrow><mrow><mn>12<\/mn><mo stretchy=\"false\">(<\/mo><mn>1<\/mn><mo>&#8211;<\/mo><msup><mi>\u03bd<\/mi><mn>2<\/mn><\/msup><mo stretchy=\"false\">)<\/mo><\/mrow><\/mfrac><msup><mrow><mo fence=\"true\">(<\/mo><mfrac><msub><mi>t<\/mi><mi>p<\/mi><\/msub><mi>b<\/mi><\/mfrac><mo fence=\"true\">)<\/mo><\/mrow><mn>2<\/mn><\/msup><\/mrow><\/semantics><\/math><\/p>\n<p class=\"\" data-start=\"307\" data-end=\"337\">Sustituyendo los valores conocidos:<\/p>\n<p><math display=\"block\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\"><semantics><mrow><msub><mi>\u03c3<\/mi><mi>E<\/mi><\/msub><mo>=<\/mo><mfrac><mrow><msup><mi>\u03c0<\/mi><mn>2<\/mn><\/msup><mo>\u22c5<\/mo><mn>210<\/mn><mo>\u22c5<\/mo><msup><mn>10<\/mn><mn>9<\/mn><\/msup><\/mrow><mrow><mn>12<\/mn><mo>\u22c5<\/mo><mo stretchy=\"false\">(<\/mo><mn>1<\/mn><mo>&#8211;<\/mo><msup><mn>0.3<\/mn><mn>2<\/mn><\/msup><mo stretchy=\"false\">)<\/mo><\/mrow><\/mfrac><msup><mrow><mo fence=\"true\">(<\/mo><mfrac><mn>0.012<\/mn><mn>1.35<\/mn><\/mfrac><mo fence=\"true\">)<\/mo><\/mrow><mn>2<\/mn><\/msup><mtext> Pa<\/mtext><\/mrow><annotation encoding=\"application\/x-tex\">sigma_E = frac{pi^2 cdot 210 cdot 10^9}{12 cdot (1 &#8211; 0,3^2)} izquierda(frac{0,012}{1,35}derecha)^2 texto{Pa}<\/annotation><\/semantics><\/math> <math display=\"block\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\"><semantics><mrow><msub><mi>\u03c3<\/mi><mi>E<\/mi><\/msub><mo>=<\/mo><mn>14<\/mn><mtext>\u2009<\/mtext><mn>996<\/mn><mtext>\u2009<\/mtext><mn>549.9<\/mn><mtext> Pa<\/mtext><\/mrow><\/semantics><\/math><\/p>\n<p data-start=\"72\" data-end=\"118\">Relaci\u00f3n de tensiones en los bordes y factores de correcci\u00f3n<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li data-start=\"122\" data-end=\"313\"><strong data-start=\"122\" data-end=\"143\">Relaci\u00f3n de tensiones en los bordes<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><math xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\"><semantics><mrow><mi>\u03c8<\/mi><\/mrow><annotation encoding=\"application\/x-tex\">psi<\/annotation><\/semantics><\/math><\/p>\n<p>se fij\u00f3 en 1 en ambas direcciones: (Sec. 5 \/ S\u00edmbolos; tensiones calculadas mediante el enfoque de la media ponderada, Ap. 1 \/ [2.2.1])<\/p>\n<p><math display=\"block\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\"><semantics><mrow><mi>\u03c8<\/mi><mo>=<\/mo><mn>1<\/mn><\/mrow><\/semantics><\/math><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\n<p class=\"\" data-start=\"338\" data-end=\"438\"><strong data-start=\"338\" data-end=\"359\">Factor de correcci\u00f3n<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><math xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\"><semantics><mrow><msub><mi>F<\/mi><mrow><mi>l<\/mi><mi>o<\/mi><mi>n<\/mi><mi>g<\/mi><\/mrow><\/msub><\/mrow><annotation encoding=\"application\/x-tex\">F_{long}<\/annotation><\/semantics><\/math><span class=\"katex-html\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><span class=\"base\"><span class=\"mord\"><span class=\"msupsub\"><span class=\"vlist-t vlist-t2\"><span class=\"vlist-r\"><span class=\"vlist-s\"><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span> se fij\u00f3 en 1: (Sec. 5 \/ [2.2.4]; Tabla 3)<\/span><\/p>\n<p><math display=\"block\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\"><semantics><mrow><msub><mi>F<\/mi><mrow><mi>l<\/mi><mi>o<\/mi><mi>n<\/mi><mi>g<\/mi><\/mrow><\/msub><mo>=<\/mo><mn>1<\/mn><\/mrow><\/semantics><\/math><\/li>\n<li>\n<p class=\"\" data-start=\"467\" data-end=\"563\"><strong data-start=\"467\" data-end=\"488\">Factor de correcci\u00f3n<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><math xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\"><semantics><mrow><msub><mi>F<\/mi><mrow><mi>t<\/mi><mi>r<\/mi><mi>a<\/mi><mi>n<\/mi><\/mrow><\/msub><\/mrow><annotation encoding=\"application\/x-tex\">F_{tran}<\/annotation><\/semantics><\/math><span class=\"katex-html\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><span class=\"base\"><span class=\"mord\"><span class=\"msupsub\"><span class=\"vlist-t vlist-t2\"><span class=\"vlist-r\"><span class=\"vlist-s\"><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span> tambi\u00e9n se fij\u00f3 en 1: (Sec. 5 \/ [2.2.5])<\/span><\/p>\n<p><math display=\"block\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\"><semantics><mrow><msub><mi>F<\/mi><mrow><mi>t<\/mi><mi>r<\/mi><mi>a<\/mi><mi>n<\/mi><\/mrow><\/msub><mo>=<\/mo><mn>1<\/mn><\/mrow><\/semantics><\/math><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Las tensiones \u00faltimas de pandeo se calcularon en 3 casos: (Sec. 5 \/ Tabla 4)<\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n<div class=\"single-article__block\">\n    <h2>Caso 1:  <\/h2>    <p><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-83995\" src=\"https:\/\/sdcverifier.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/Screenshot-2025-04-10-192824.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"312\" height=\"146\" srcset=\"https:\/\/sdcverifier.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/Screenshot-2025-04-10-192824.png 312w, https:\/\/sdcverifier.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/Screenshot-2025-04-10-192824-300x140.png 300w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 312px) 100vw, 312px\" \/><\/p>\n<p data-start=\"116\" data-end=\"143\">Configuraci\u00f3n de pandeo de placas<\/p>\n<p class=\"\" data-start=\"144\" data-end=\"235\">La placa se comprime a lo largo de la <strong data-start=\"178\" data-end=\"193\">direcci\u00f3n x<\/strong> con una relaci\u00f3n de tensiones en los bordes<\/p>\n<p><math xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\"><semantics><mrow><mi>\u03c8<\/mi><mo>=<\/mo><mn>1. <\/mn> <\/mrow><\/semantics><\/math><\/p>\n<p>Par\u00e1metros intermedios:<\/p>\n<ul data-start=\"268\" data-end=\"706\">\n<li class=\"\" data-start=\"268\" data-end=\"386\">\n<p class=\"\" data-start=\"270\" data-end=\"298\"><strong data-start=\"270\" data-end=\"296\">Factor de anchura efectiva<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><math xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\" display=\"block\"><semantics><mrow><mi>c<\/mi><mo>=<\/mo><mi>min<\/mi><mo><\/mo><mrow><mo fence=\"true\">(<\/mo><mo stretchy=\"false\">(<\/mo><mn>1.25<\/mn><mo>&#8211;<\/mo><mn>0.12<\/mn><mi>\u03c8<\/mi><mo stretchy=\"false\">)<\/mo><mo separator=\"true\">,<\/mo><mtext> <\/mtext><mn>1.25<\/mn><mo fence=\"true\">)<\/mo><\/mrow><mo>=<\/mo><mi>min<\/mi><mo>\u2061<\/mo><mo stretchy=\"false\">(<\/mo><mn>1.13<\/mn><mo separator=\"true\">,<\/mo><mtext> <\/mtext><mn>1.25<\/mn><mo stretchy=\"false\">)<\/mo><mo>=<\/mo><mn>1.13<\/mn><\/mrow><annotation encoding=\"application\/x-tex\">c = min izquierda( (1.25 &#8211; 0.12psi), 1.25 derecha) = min(1.13, 1.25) = 1.13<\/annotation><\/semantics><\/math><\/li>\n<li class=\"\" data-start=\"388\" data-end=\"571\">\n<p class=\"\" data-start=\"390\" data-end=\"417\"><strong data-start=\"390\" data-end=\"415\">Par\u00e1metro de esbeltez<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><math xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\" display=\"block\"><semantics><mrow><msub><mi>\u03bb<\/mi><mi>c<\/mi><\/msub><mo>=<\/mo><mfrac><mi>c<\/mi><mn>2<\/mn><\/mfrac><mrow><mo fence=\"true\">(<\/mo><mn>1<\/mn><mo>+<\/mo><msqrt><mrow><mn>1<\/mn><mo>&#8211;<\/mo><mfrac><mn>0.88<\/mn><mi>c<\/mi><\/mfrac><\/mrow><\/msqrt><mo fence=\"true\">)<\/mo><\/mrow><mo>=<\/mo><mfrac><mn>1.13<\/mn><mn>2<\/mn><\/mfrac><mrow><mo fence=\"true\">(<\/mo><mn>1<\/mn><mo>+<\/mo><msqrt><mrow><mn>1<\/mn><mo>&#8211;<\/mo><mfrac><mn>0.88<\/mn><mn>1.13<\/mn><\/mfrac><\/mrow><\/msqrt><mo fence=\"true\">)<\/mo><\/mrow><mo>=<\/mo><mn>0.831<\/mn><\/mrow><annotation encoding=\"application\/x-tex\">lambda_c = frac{c}{2} izquierda( 1 + sqrt{1 &#8211; frac{0,88}{c}} derecha) = frac{1,13}{2} izquierda( 1 + sqrt{1 &#8211; frac{0,88}{1,13}} derecha) = 0,831<\/annotation><\/semantics><\/math><\/li>\n<li class=\"\" data-start=\"573\" data-end=\"706\">\n<p class=\"\" data-start=\"575\" data-end=\"616\"><strong data-start=\"575\" data-end=\"614\">Factor de pandeo en direcci\u00f3n x<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><math xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\" display=\"block\"><semantics><mrow><msub><mi>K<\/mi><mi>x<\/mi><\/msub><mo>=<\/mo><msub><mi>F<\/mi><mrow><mi>l<\/mi><mi>o<\/mi><mi>n<\/mi><mi>g<\/mi><\/mrow><\/msub><mo>\u22c5<\/mo><mfrac><mn>8.4<\/mn><mrow><mi>\u03c8<\/mi><mo>+<\/mo><mn>1.1<\/mn><\/mrow><\/mfrac><mo>=<\/mo><mn>1<\/mn><mo>\u22c5<\/mo><mfrac><mn>8.4<\/mn><mrow><mn>1<\/mn><mo>+<\/mo><mn>1.1<\/mn><\/mrow><\/mfrac><mo>=<\/mo><mn>4<\/mn><\/mrow><\/semantics><\/math><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p data-start=\"78\" data-end=\"131\">Grado de esbeltez de referencia en direcci\u00f3n x<\/p>\n<p class=\"\" data-start=\"132\" data-end=\"166\">(Sec. 5 \/ [2.2.2])<\/p>\n<p class=\"\" data-start=\"144\" data-end=\"235\"><math xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\" display=\"block\"><semantics><mrow><msub><mi>\u03bb<\/mi><mi>x<\/mi><\/msub><mo>=<\/mo><msqrt><mfrac><msub><mi>R<\/mi><mrow><mi>e<\/mi><mi>H<\/mi><mo separator=\"true\">,<\/mo><mi>P<\/mi><\/mrow><\/msub><mrow><msub><mi>K<\/mi><mi>x<\/mi><\/msub><mo>\u22c5<\/mo><msub><mi>\u03c3<\/mi><mi>E<\/mi><\/msub><\/mrow><\/mfrac><\/msqrt><\/mrow><\/semantics><\/math><\/p>\n<p class=\"\" data-start=\"232\" data-end=\"252\">Sustituci\u00f3n de valores:<\/p>\n<p class=\"\" data-start=\"144\" data-end=\"235\"><math xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\" display=\"block\"><semantics><mrow><msub><mi>\u03bb<\/mi><mi>x<\/mi><\/msub><mo>=<\/mo><msqrt><mfrac><mrow><mn>235<\/mn><mo>\u00d7<\/mo><msup><mn>10<\/mn><mn>6<\/mn><\/msup><\/mrow><mrow><mn>4<\/mn><mo>\u00d7<\/mo><mn>14996549.9<\/mn><\/mrow><\/mfrac><\/msqrt><mo>=<\/mo><mn>1.979<\/mn><\/mrow><\/semantics><\/math><\/p>\n<p data-start=\"70\" data-end=\"129\">Factor de reducci\u00f3n de la tensi\u00f3n en direcci\u00f3n x<\/p>\n<p class=\"\" data-start=\"144\" data-end=\"235\"><math xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\"><semantics><mrow><msub><mi>C<\/mi><mi>x<\/mi><\/msub><\/mrow><annotation encoding=\"application\/x-tex\">C_x<\/annotation><\/semantics><\/math><\/p>\n<p class=\"\" data-start=\"130\" data-end=\"164\">(Sec. 5 \/ Tabla 4)<\/p>\n<p class=\"\" data-start=\"144\" data-end=\"235\"><math xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\" display=\"block\"><semantics><mrow><msub><mi>C<\/mi><mi>x<\/mi><\/msub><mo>=<\/mo><mi>c<\/mi><mrow><mo fence=\"true\">(<\/mo><mfrac><mn>1<\/mn><msub><mi>\u03bb<\/mi><mi>x<\/mi><\/msub><\/mfrac><mo>&#8211;<\/mo><mfrac><mn>0.22<\/mn><msubsup><mi>\u03bb<\/mi><mi>x<\/mi><mn>2<\/mn><\/msubsup><\/mfrac><mo fence=\"true\">)<\/mo><\/mrow><\/mrow><annotation encoding=\"application\/x-tex\">C_x = c izquierda( frac{1}{lambda_x} &#8211; frac{0.22}{lambda_x^2} derecha)<\/annotation><\/semantics><\/math> <math xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\" display=\"block\"><semantics><mrow><msub><mi>C<\/mi><mi>x<\/mi><\/msub><mo>=<\/mo><mn>1.13<\/mn><mo>\u00d7<\/mo><mrow><mo fence=\"true\">(<\/mo><mfrac><mn>1<\/mn><mn>1.979<\/mn><\/mfrac><mo>&#8211;<\/mo><mfrac><mn>0.22<\/mn><msup><mn>1.979<\/mn><mn>2<\/mn><\/msup><\/mfrac><mo fence=\"true\">)<\/mo><\/mrow><mo>=<\/mo><mn>0.507<\/mn><\/mrow><\/semantics><\/math><\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n<div class=\"single-article__block\">\n    <h2>Caso 2:<\/h2>    <p><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-83997\" src=\"https:\/\/sdcverifier.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/Screenshot-2025-04-10-195111.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"315\" height=\"205\" srcset=\"https:\/\/sdcverifier.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/Screenshot-2025-04-10-195111.png 315w, https:\/\/sdcverifier.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/Screenshot-2025-04-10-195111-300x195.png 300w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 315px) 100vw, 315px\" \/><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li data-start=\"155\" data-end=\"171\"><strong>Par\u00e1metros:<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><math xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\" display=\"block\"><semantics><mrow><mi>c<\/mi><mo>=<\/mo><mi>min<\/mi><mo>\u2061<\/mo><mo stretchy=\"false\">(<\/mo><mo stretchy=\"false\">(<\/mo><mn>1.25<\/mn><mo>&#8211;<\/mo><mn>0.12<\/mn><mi>\u03c8<\/mi><mo stretchy=\"false\">)<\/mo><mo separator=\"true\">,<\/mo><mn>1.25<\/mn><mo stretchy=\"false\">)<\/mo><mo>=<\/mo><mi>min<\/mi><mo>\u2061<\/mo><mo stretchy=\"false\">(<\/mo><mo stretchy=\"false\">(<\/mo><mn>1.25<\/mn><mo>&#8211;<\/mo><mn>0.12<\/mn><mo>\u22c5<\/mo><mn>1<\/mn><mo stretchy=\"false\">)<\/mo><mo separator=\"true\">,<\/mo><mn>1.25<\/mn><mo stretchy=\"false\">)<\/mo><mo>=<\/mo><mn>1.13<\/mn><\/mrow><annotation encoding=\"application\/x-tex\">c = min((1.25 &#8211; 0.12psi), 1.25) = min((1.25 &#8211; 0.12 cdot 1), 1.25) = 1.13<\/annotation><\/semantics><\/math> <math xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\" display=\"block\"><semantics><mrow><msub><mi>\u03bb<\/mi><mi>c<\/mi><\/msub><mo>=<\/mo><mfrac><mi>c<\/mi><mn>2<\/mn><\/mfrac><mrow><mo fence=\"true\">(<\/mo><mn>1<\/mn><mo>+<\/mo><msqrt><mrow><mn>1<\/mn><mo>&#8211;<\/mo><mfrac><mn>0.88<\/mn><mi>c<\/mi><\/mfrac><\/mrow><\/msqrt><mo fence=\"true\">)<\/mo><\/mrow><mo>=<\/mo><mfrac><mn>1.13<\/mn><mn>2<\/mn><\/mfrac><mrow><mo fence=\"true\">(<\/mo><mn>1<\/mn><mo>+<\/mo><msqrt><mrow><mn>1<\/mn><mo>&#8211;<\/mo><mfrac><mn>0.88<\/mn><mn>1.13<\/mn><\/mfrac><\/mrow><\/msqrt><mo fence=\"true\">)<\/mo><\/mrow><mo>=<\/mo><mn>0.831<\/mn><\/mrow><annotation encoding=\"application\/x-tex\">lambda_c = frac{c}{2} izquierda( 1 + sqrt{1 &#8211; frac{0,88}{c}} derecha) = frac{1,13}{2} izquierda( 1 + sqrt{1 &#8211; frac{0,88}{1,13}} derecha) = 0,831<\/annotation><\/semantics><\/math> <math xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\" display=\"block\"><semantics><mrow><msub><mi>f<\/mi><mn>1<\/mn><\/msub><mo>=<\/mo><mo stretchy=\"false\">(<\/mo><mn>1<\/mn><mo>&#8211;<\/mo><mi>\u03c8<\/mi><mo stretchy=\"false\">)<\/mo><mo stretchy=\"false\">(<\/mo><mi>\u03b1<\/mi><mo>&#8211;<\/mo><mn>1<\/mn><mo stretchy=\"false\">)<\/mo><mo>=<\/mo><mo stretchy=\"false\">(<\/mo><mn>1<\/mn><mo>&#8211;<\/mo><mn>1<\/mn><mo stretchy=\"false\">)<\/mo><mo stretchy=\"false\">(<\/mo><mn>2.519<\/mn><mo>&#8211;<\/mo><mn>1<\/mn><mo stretchy=\"false\">)<\/mo><mo>=<\/mo><mn>0<\/mn><\/mrow><\/semantics><\/math> <math xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\" display=\"block\"><semantics><mrow><msub><mi>K<\/mi><mi>y<\/mi><\/msub><mo>=<\/mo><msub><mi>F<\/mi><mrow><mi>t<\/mi><mi>r<\/mi><mi>a<\/mi><mi>n<\/mi><\/mrow><\/msub><mo>\u22c5<\/mo><mfrac><mrow><mn>2<\/mn><msup><mrow><mo fence=\"true\">(<\/mo><mn>1<\/mn><mo>+<\/mo><mfrac><mn>1<\/mn><msup><mi>\u03b1<\/mi><mn>2<\/mn><\/msup><\/mfrac><mo fence=\"true\">)<\/mo><\/mrow><mn>2<\/mn><\/msup><\/mrow><mrow><mn>1<\/mn><mo>+<\/mo><mi>\u03c8<\/mi><mo>+<\/mo><mfrac><mrow><mn>1<\/mn><mo>&#8211;<\/mo><mi>\u03c8<\/mi><\/mrow><mn>100<\/mn><\/mfrac><mrow><mo fence=\"true\">(<\/mo><mfrac><mn>2.4<\/mn><msup><mi>\u03b1<\/mi><mn>2<\/mn><\/msup><\/mfrac><mo>+<\/mo><mn>6.9<\/mn><msub><mi>f<\/mi><mn>1<\/mn><\/msub><mo fence=\"true\">)<\/mo><\/mrow><\/mrow><\/mfrac><\/mrow><\/semantics><\/math> <math xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\" display=\"block\"><semantics><mrow><msub><mi>K<\/mi><mi>y<\/mi><\/msub><mo>=<\/mo><mn>1<\/mn><mo>\u22c5<\/mo><mfrac><mrow><mn>2<\/mn><msup><mrow><mo fence=\"true\">(<\/mo><mn>1<\/mn><mo>+<\/mo><mfrac><mn>1<\/mn><msup><mn>2.519<\/mn><mn>2<\/mn><\/msup><\/mfrac><mo fence=\"true\">)<\/mo><\/mrow><mn>2<\/mn><\/msup><\/mrow><mrow><mn>1<\/mn><mo>+<\/mo><mn>1<\/mn><mo>+<\/mo><mfrac><mrow><mn>1<\/mn><mo>&#8211;<\/mo><mn>1<\/mn><\/mrow><mn>100<\/mn><\/mfrac><mrow><mo fence=\"true\">(<\/mo><mfrac><mn>2.4<\/mn><msup><mn>2.519<\/mn><mn>2<\/mn><\/msup><\/mfrac><mo>+<\/mo><mn>6.9<\/mn><mo>\u22c5<\/mo><mn>0<\/mn><mo fence=\"true\">)<\/mo><\/mrow><\/mrow><\/mfrac><\/mrow><\/semantics><\/math> <math xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\" display=\"block\"><semantics><mrow><msub><mi>K<\/mi><mi>y<\/mi><\/msub><mo>=<\/mo><mn>1<\/mn><mo>\u22c5<\/mo><mfrac><mrow><mn>2<\/mn><msup><mrow><mo fence=\"true\">(<\/mo><mn>1<\/mn><mo>+<\/mo><mfrac><mn>1<\/mn><msup><mn>2.519<\/mn><mn>2<\/mn><\/msup><\/mfrac><mo fence=\"true\">)<\/mo><\/mrow><mn>2<\/mn><\/msup><\/mrow><mrow><mn>1<\/mn><mo>+<\/mo><mn>1<\/mn><mo>+<\/mo><mfrac><mrow><mn>1<\/mn><mo>&#8211;<\/mo><mn>1<\/mn><\/mrow><mn>100<\/mn><\/mfrac><mrow><mo fence=\"true\">(<\/mo><mfrac><mn>2.4<\/mn><msup><mn>2.519<\/mn><mn>2<\/mn><\/msup><\/mfrac><mo>+<\/mo><mn>6.9<\/mn><mo>\u22c5<\/mo><mn>0<\/mn><mo fence=\"true\">)<\/mo><\/mrow><\/mrow><\/mfrac><\/mrow><\/semantics><\/math> <math xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\" display=\"block\"><semantics><mrow><msub><mi>K<\/mi><mi>y<\/mi><\/msub><mo>=<\/mo><mn>1.340<\/mn><\/mrow><\/semantics><\/math><\/p>\n<p data-start=\"105\" data-end=\"160\">Grado de esbeltez de referencia en la direcci\u00f3n Y \u03bb\u1d67<\/p>\n<p class=\"\" data-start=\"161\" data-end=\"195\">(Sec. 5 \/ [2.2.2])<\/p>\n<p><math xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\" display=\"block\"><semantics><mrow><msub><mi>\u03bb<\/mi><mi>y<\/mi><\/msub><mo>=<\/mo><msqrt><mfrac><msub><mi>R<\/mi><mrow><mi>e<\/mi><mi>H<\/mi><mo separator=\"true\">,<\/mo><mi>P<\/mi><\/mrow><\/msub><mrow><msub><mi>K<\/mi><mi>y<\/mi><\/msub><mo>\u22c5<\/mo><msub><mi>\u03c3<\/mi><mi>E<\/mi><\/msub><\/mrow><\/mfrac><\/msqrt><\/mrow><annotation encoding=\"application\/x-tex\">lambda_y = sqrt{ frac{R_{eH,P}}{K_y cdot sigma_E} }<\/annotation><\/semantics><\/math> <math xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\" display=\"block\"><semantics><mrow><msub><mi>\u03bb<\/mi><mi>y<\/mi><\/msub><mo>=<\/mo><msqrt><mfrac><mrow><mn>235<\/mn><mo>\u22c5<\/mo><msup><mn>10<\/mn><mn>6<\/mn><\/msup><\/mrow><mrow><mn>1.340<\/mn><mo>\u22c5<\/mo><mn>14996549.9<\/mn><\/mrow><\/mfrac><\/msqrt><mo>=<\/mo><mn>3.419<\/mn><\/mrow><annotation encoding=\"application\/x-tex\">lambda_y = sqrt{ frac{235 cdot 10^6}{1.340 cdot 14996549.9} } = 3.419<\/annotation><\/semantics><\/math><\/p>\n<p data-start=\"65\" data-end=\"87\">Factor<\/p>\n<p><math xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\"><semantics><mrow><msub><mi>c<\/mi><mn>1<\/mn><\/msub><\/mrow><annotation encoding=\"application\/x-tex\">c_1<\/annotation><\/semantics><\/math><\/p>\n<p class=\"\" data-start=\"88\" data-end=\"122\">(Sec. 5 \/ Tabla 2)<\/p>\n<p>El coeficiente \ud835\udc50 <sub>1<\/sub> se calcul\u00f3 adecuadamente con el m\u00e9todo de evaluaci\u00f3n SP-A elegido:<\/p>\n<p><math xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\" display=\"block\"><semantics><mrow><msub><mi>c<\/mi><mn>1<\/mn><\/msub><mo>=<\/mo><mrow><mo fence=\"true\">(<\/mo><mn>1<\/mn><mo>&#8211;<\/mo><mfrac><mn>1<\/mn><mi>\u03b1<\/mi><\/mfrac><mo fence=\"true\">)<\/mo><\/mrow><mo separator=\"true\">,<\/mo><mspace width=\"1em\"><\/mspace><mtext>y  <\/mtext><msub><mi>c<\/mi><mn>1<\/mn><\/msub><mo>\u2265<\/mo><mn>0<\/mn><\/mrow><\/semantics><\/math><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li data-start=\"277\" data-end=\"290\"><strong>Sustituyendo:<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><math xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\" display=\"block\"><semantics><mrow><msub><mi>c<\/mi><mn>1<\/mn><\/msub><mo>=<\/mo><mrow><mo fence=\"true\">(<\/mo><mn>1<\/mn><mo>&#8211;<\/mo><mfrac><mn>1<\/mn><mn>2.519<\/mn><\/mfrac><mo fence=\"true\">)<\/mo><\/mrow><mo>=<\/mo><mn>0.603<\/mn><\/mrow><\/semantics><\/math> <math xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\" display=\"block\"><semantics><mrow><mi>R<\/mi><mo>=<\/mo><mn>0.220<\/mn><\/mrow><annotation encoding=\"application\/x-tex\">R = 0.220<\/annotation><\/semantics><\/math> <math xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\" display=\"block\"><semantics><mrow><msubsup><mi>\u03bb<\/mi><mi>p<\/mi><mn>2<\/mn><\/msubsup><mo>=<\/mo><msubsup><mi>\u03bb<\/mi><mi>y<\/mi><mn>2<\/mn><\/msubsup><mo>&#8211;<\/mo><mn>0.5<\/mn><mspace width=\"1em\"><\/mspace><mtext>y<\/mtext><mspace width=\"1em\"><\/mspace><mn>1<\/mn><mo>\u2264<\/mo><msubsup><mi>\u03bb<\/mi><mi>p<\/mi><mn>2<\/mn><\/msubsup><mo>\u2264<\/mo><mn>3<\/mn><\/mrow><annotation encoding=\"application\/x-tex\">\\lambda_p^2 = \\lambda_y^2 &#8211; 0.5 \\quad \\text{and} \\quad 1 \\leq \\lambda_p^2 \\leq 3<\/annotation><\/semantics><\/math> <math xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\" display=\"block\"><semantics><mrow><msubsup><mi>\u03bb<\/mi><mi>p<\/mi><mn>2<\/mn><\/msubsup><mo>=<\/mo><msup><mn>3.419<\/mn><mn>2<\/mn><\/msup><mo>&#8211;<\/mo><mn>0.5<\/mn><mspace width=\"1em\"><\/mspace><mtext>y<\/mtext><mspace width=\"1em\"><\/mspace><mn>1<\/mn><mo>\u2264<\/mo><msubsup><mi>\u03bb<\/mi><mi>p<\/mi><mn>2<\/mn><\/msubsup><mo>\u2264<\/mo><mn>3<\/mn><\/mrow><annotation encoding=\"application\/x-tex\">\\lambda_p^2 = 3.419^2 &#8211; 0.5 \\quad \\text{and} \\quad 1 \\leq \\lambda_p^2 \\leq 3<\/annotation><\/semantics><\/math> <math xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\" display=\"block\"><semantics><mrow><msubsup><mi>\u03bb<\/mi><mi>p<\/mi><mn>2<\/mn><\/msubsup><mo>=<\/mo><mn>3<\/mn><\/mrow><\/semantics><\/math><\/p>\n<p data-start=\"352\" data-end=\"379\">C\u00e1lculo de<\/p>\n<p><math xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\"><semantics><mrow><mi>F<\/mi><\/mrow><annotation encoding=\"application\/x-tex\">F<\/annotation><\/semantics><\/math> <math xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\" display=\"block\"><semantics><mrow><mi>F<\/mi><mo>=<\/mo><mrow><mo fence=\"true\">(<\/mo><mn>1<\/mn><mo>&#8211;<\/mo><mrow><mo fence=\"true\">(<\/mo><mfrac><msub><mi>K<\/mi><mi>y<\/mi><\/msub><mn>0.91<\/mn><\/mfrac><mo>&#8211;<\/mo><mn>1<\/mn><mo fence=\"true\">)<\/mo><\/mrow><mfrac><mn>1<\/mn><msubsup><mi>\u03bb<\/mi><mi>p<\/mi><mn>2<\/mn><\/msubsup><\/mfrac><mo fence=\"true\">)<\/mo><\/mrow><mo>\u22c5<\/mo><msub><mi>c<\/mi><mn>1<\/mn><\/msub><mo separator=\"true\">,<\/mo><mspace width=\"1em\"><\/mspace><mi>F<\/mi><mo>\u2265<\/mo><mn>0<\/mn><\/mrow><annotation encoding=\"application\/x-tex\">F = izquierda( 1 &#8211; izquierda( frac{K_y}{0.91} &#8211; 1 derecha) frac{1}{lambda_p^2} derecha) cdot c_1, quad F geq 0<\/annotation><\/semantics><\/math> <math xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\" display=\"block\"><semantics><mrow><mi>F<\/mi><mo>=<\/mo><mrow><mo fence=\"true\">(<\/mo><mn>1<\/mn><mo>&#8211;<\/mo><mrow><mo fence=\"true\">(<\/mo><mfrac><mn>1.340<\/mn><mn>0.91<\/mn><\/mfrac><mo>&#8211;<\/mo><mn>1<\/mn><mo fence=\"true\">)<\/mo><\/mrow><mo>\u22c5<\/mo><mfrac><mn>1<\/mn><mn>3<\/mn><\/mfrac><mo fence=\"true\">)<\/mo><\/mrow><mo>\u22c5<\/mo><mn>0.603<\/mn><mo>=<\/mo><mn>0.508<\/mn><\/mrow><\/semantics><\/math><\/p>\n<p data-start=\"599\" data-end=\"626\">C\u00e1lculo de<\/p>\n<p><math xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\"><semantics><mrow><mi>T<\/mi><\/mrow><annotation encoding=\"application\/x-tex\">T<\/annotation><\/semantics><\/math> <math xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\" display=\"block\"><semantics><mrow><mi>T<\/mi><mo>=<\/mo><msub><mi>\u03bb<\/mi><mi>y<\/mi><\/msub><mo>+<\/mo><mfrac><mn>14<\/mn><mrow><mn>15<\/mn><msub><mi>\u03bb<\/mi><mi>y<\/mi><\/msub><\/mrow><\/mfrac><mo>+<\/mo><mfrac><mn>1<\/mn><mn>3<\/mn><\/mfrac><\/mrow><annotation encoding=\"application\/x-tex\">T = lambda_y + frac{14}{15lambda_y} + frac{1}{3}<\/annotation><\/semantics><\/math> <math xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\" display=\"block\"><semantics><mrow><mi>T<\/mi><mo>=<\/mo><mn>3.419<\/mn><mo>+<\/mo><mfrac><mn>14<\/mn><mrow><mn>15<\/mn><mo>\u22c5<\/mo><mn>3.419<\/mn><\/mrow><\/mfrac><mo>+<\/mo><mfrac><mn>1<\/mn><mn>3<\/mn><\/mfrac><mo>=<\/mo><mn>4.026<\/mn><\/mrow><\/semantics><\/math><\/p>\n<p data-start=\"753\" data-end=\"780\">C\u00e1lculo de<\/p>\n<p><math xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\"><semantics><mrow><mi>H<\/mi><\/mrow><annotation encoding=\"application\/x-tex\">H<\/annotation><\/semantics><\/math> <math xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\" display=\"block\"><semantics><mrow><mi>H<\/mi><mo>=<\/mo><msub><mi>\u03bb<\/mi><mi>y<\/mi><\/msub><mo>&#8211;<\/mo><mfrac><mrow><mn>2<\/mn><msub><mi>\u03bb<\/mi><mi>y<\/mi><\/msub><\/mrow><mrow><mi>c<\/mi><mo stretchy=\"false\">(<\/mo><mi>T<\/mi><mo>+<\/mo><msqrt><mrow><msup><mi>T<\/mi><mn>2<\/mn><\/msup><mo>&#8211;<\/mo><mn>4<\/mn><\/mrow><\/msqrt><mo stretchy=\"false\">)<\/mo><\/mrow><\/mfrac><mo separator=\"true\">,<\/mo><mspace width=\"1em\"><\/mspace><mi>H<\/mi><mo>\u2265<\/mo><mi>R<\/mi><\/mrow><annotation encoding=\"application\/x-tex\">H = lambda_y &#8211; frac{2lambda_y}{c(T + sqrt{T^2 &#8211; 4})}, quad H geq R<\/annotation><\/semantics><\/math> <math xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\" display=\"block\"><semantics><mrow><mi>H<\/mi><mo>=<\/mo><mn>3.419<\/mn><mo>&#8211;<\/mo><mfrac><mrow><mn>2<\/mn><mo>\u22c5<\/mo><mn>3.419<\/mn><\/mrow><mrow><mn>1.13<\/mn><mo>\u22c5<\/mo><mo stretchy=\"false\">(<\/mo><mn>4.026<\/mn><mo>+<\/mo><msqrt><mrow><msup><mn>4.026<\/mn><mn>2<\/mn><\/msup><mo>&#8211;<\/mo><mn>4<\/mn><\/mrow><\/msqrt><mo stretchy=\"false\">)<\/mo><\/mrow><\/mfrac><mo>=<\/mo><mn>2.614<\/mn><mspace width=\"1em\"><\/mspace><mtext>(v\u00e1lido desde <\/mtext><mi>H<\/mi><mo>&gt;<\/mo><mi>R<\/mi><mo>=<\/mo><mn>0.22<\/mn><mtext>)<\/mtext><\/mrow><\/semantics><\/math><\/p>\n<p data-start=\"107\" data-end=\"165\">Factor de reducci\u00f3n de la tensi\u00f3n en la direcci\u00f3n Y<\/p>\n<p><math xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\"><semantics><mrow><msub><mi>C<\/mi><mi>y<\/mi><\/msub><\/mrow><annotation encoding=\"application\/x-tex\">C_y<\/annotation><\/semantics><\/math><\/p>\n<p>(Sec. 5 \/ Tabla 4)<\/p>\n<p><math xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\" display=\"block\"><semantics><mrow><msub><mi>C<\/mi><mi>y<\/mi><\/msub><mo>=<\/mo><mi>c<\/mi><mrow><mo fence=\"true\">(<\/mo><mfrac><mn>1<\/mn><msub><mi>\u03bb<\/mi><mi>y<\/mi><\/msub><\/mfrac><mo>&#8211;<\/mo><mfrac><mrow><mi>R<\/mi><mo>+<\/mo><msup><mi>F<\/mi><mn>2<\/mn><\/msup><mo stretchy=\"false\">(<\/mo><mi>H<\/mi><mo>&#8211;<\/mo><mi>R<\/mi><mo stretchy=\"false\">)<\/mo><\/mrow><msubsup><mi>\u03bb<\/mi><mi>y<\/mi><mn>2<\/mn><\/msubsup><\/mfrac><mo fence=\"true\">)<\/mo><\/mrow><\/mrow><\/semantics><\/math><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li data-start=\"289\" data-end=\"308\"><strong>Valores sustituidos:<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><math xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\" display=\"block\"><semantics><mrow><msub><mi>C<\/mi><mi>y<\/mi><\/msub><mo>=<\/mo><mn>1.13<\/mn><mo>\u22c5<\/mo><mrow><mo fence=\"true\">(<\/mo><mfrac><mn>1<\/mn><mn>3.419<\/mn><\/mfrac><mo>&#8211;<\/mo><mfrac><mrow><mn>0.22<\/mn><mo>+<\/mo><msup><mn>0.508<\/mn><mn>2<\/mn><\/msup><mo>\u22c5<\/mo><mo stretchy=\"false\">(<\/mo><mn>2.614<\/mn><mo>&#8211;<\/mo><mn>0.22<\/mn><mo stretchy=\"false\">)<\/mo><\/mrow><msup><mn>3.419<\/mn><mn>2<\/mn><\/msup><\/mfrac><mo fence=\"true\">)<\/mo><\/mrow><\/mrow><annotation encoding=\"application\/x-tex\">C_y = 1.13 cdot izquierda( frac{1}{3.419} &#8211; frac{0,22 + 0,508^2 cdot (2,614 &#8211; 0,22)}{3,419^2} derecha)<\/annotation><\/semantics><\/math> <math xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\" display=\"block\"><semantics><mrow><msub><mi>C<\/mi><mi>y<\/mi><\/msub><mo>=<\/mo><mn>0.250<\/mn><\/mrow><\/semantics><\/math><\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n<div class=\"single-article__block\">\n    <h2>Caso 15.<\/h2>    <p><math xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\" display=\"block\"><semantics><mrow><msub><mi>K<\/mi><mi>\u03c4<\/mi><\/msub><mo>=<\/mo><msqrt><mn>3<\/mn><\/msqrt><mrow><mo fence=\"true\">(<\/mo><mn>5.34<\/mn><mo>+<\/mo><mfrac><mn>4<\/mn><msup><mi>\u03b1<\/mi><mn>2<\/mn><\/msup><\/mfrac><mo fence=\"true\">)<\/mo><\/mrow><\/mrow><\/semantics><\/math><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li data-start=\"225\" data-end=\"244\"><strong>Valores sustituidos:<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><math xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\" display=\"block\"><semantics><mrow><msub><mi>K<\/mi><mi>\u03c4<\/mi><\/msub><mo>=<\/mo><msqrt><mn>3<\/mn><\/msqrt><mrow><mo fence=\"true\">(<\/mo><mn>5.34<\/mn><mo>+<\/mo><mfrac><mn>4<\/mn><msup><mn>2.519<\/mn><mn>2<\/mn><\/msup><\/mfrac><mo fence=\"true\">)<\/mo><\/mrow><\/mrow><annotation encoding=\"application\/x-tex\">K_tau = sqrt{3} izquierda( 5,34 + frac{4}{2,519^2} derecha)<\/annotation><\/semantics><\/math> <math xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\" display=\"block\"><semantics><mrow><msub><mi>K<\/mi><mi>\u03c4<\/mi><\/msub><mo>=<\/mo><mn>10.341<\/mn><\/mrow><\/semantics><\/math><\/p>\n<p>Grado de esbeltez de referencia en direcci\u00f3n \ud835\udc65\ud835\udc66 <sub>\ud835\udf06\ud835\udf0f<\/sub><\/p>\n<p><math xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\"><semantics><annotation encoding=\"application\/x-tex\">lambda_tau<\/annotation><\/semantics><\/math><\/p>\n<p class=\"\" data-start=\"205\" data-end=\"239\">(Sec. 5 \/ [2.2.2])<\/p>\n<p><math xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\" display=\"block\"><semantics><mrow><msub><mi>\u03bb<\/mi><mi>\u03c4<\/mi><\/msub><mo>=<\/mo><msqrt><mfrac><msub><mi>R<\/mi><mrow><mi>e<\/mi><mi>H<\/mi><mo separator=\"true\">,<\/mo><mi>P<\/mi><\/mrow><\/msub><mrow><msub><mi>K<\/mi><mi>\u03c4<\/mi><\/msub><mo>\u22c5<\/mo><msub><mi>\u03c3<\/mi><mi>E<\/mi><\/msub><\/mrow><\/mfrac><\/msqrt><\/mrow><\/semantics><\/math><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li data-start=\"309\" data-end=\"328\"><strong>Valores sustituidos:<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><math xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\" display=\"block\"><semantics><mrow><msub><mi>\u03bb<\/mi><mi>\u03c4<\/mi><\/msub><mo>=<\/mo><msqrt><mfrac><mrow><mn>235<\/mn><mo>\u00d7<\/mo><msup><mn>10<\/mn><mn>6<\/mn><\/msup><\/mrow><mrow><mn>10.341<\/mn><mo>\u00d7<\/mo><mn>14996549.9<\/mn><\/mrow><\/mfrac><\/msqrt><mo>=<\/mo><mn>1.231<\/mn><\/mrow><\/semantics><\/math><\/p>\n<p>Factor de reducci\u00f3n de la tensi\u00f3n en la direcci\u00f3n \ud835\udc65\ud835\udc66<sub>\ud835\udc36\ud835\udf0f<\/sub><\/p>\n<p>(Sec. 5 \/ Tabla 4)<\/p>\n<p><math xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\" display=\"block\"><semantics><mrow><msub><mi>C<\/mi><mi>\u03c4<\/mi><\/msub><mo>=<\/mo><mfrac><mn>0.84<\/mn><msub><mi>\u03bb<\/mi><mi>\u03c4<\/mi><\/msub><\/mfrac><\/mrow><\/semantics><\/math><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li data-start=\"269\" data-end=\"288\"><strong>Valores sustituidos:<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><math xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\" display=\"block\"><semantics><mrow><msub><mi>C<\/mi><mi>\u03c4<\/mi><\/msub><mo>=<\/mo><mfrac><mn>0.84<\/mn><mn>1.231<\/mn><\/mfrac><mo>=<\/mo><mn>0.682<\/mn><\/mrow><\/semantics><\/math><\/p>\n<p data-start=\"86\" data-end=\"118\">Tensiones \u00faltimas de pandeo<\/p>\n<p class=\"\" data-start=\"119\" data-end=\"153\">(Sec. 5 \/ [2.2.3])<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li data-start=\"155\" data-end=\"226\"><strong data-start=\"155\" data-end=\"226\">En la direcci\u00f3n paralela al borde m\u00e1s largo del panel de pandeo:<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><math xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\" display=\"block\"><semantics><mrow><msubsup><mi>\u03c3<\/mi><mrow><mi>c<\/mi><mi>x<\/mi><\/mrow><mo lspace=\"0em\" mathvariant=\"normal\" rspace=\"0em\">\u2032<\/mo><\/msubsup><mo>=<\/mo><msub><mi>C<\/mi><mi>x<\/mi><\/msub><msub><mi>R<\/mi><mrow><mi>e<\/mi><mi>H<\/mi><mo separator=\"true\">,<\/mo><mi>P<\/mi><\/mrow><\/msub><\/mrow><annotation encoding=\"application\/x-tex\">sigma&#8217;_{cx} = C_x R_{eH,P}<\/annotation><\/semantics><\/math> <math xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\" display=\"block\"><semantics><mrow><msubsup><mi>\u03c3<\/mi><mrow><mi>c<\/mi><mi>x<\/mi><\/mrow><mo lspace=\"0em\" mathvariant=\"normal\" rspace=\"0em\">\u2032<\/mo><\/msubsup><mo>=<\/mo><mn>0.507<\/mn><mo>\u22c5<\/mo><mn>235<\/mn><mtext> <\/mtext><mi>M<\/mi><mi>P<\/mi><mi>a<\/mi><mo>=<\/mo><mrow><mn mathvariant=\"bold\">119.145<\/mn><mtext> <\/mtext><mi mathvariant=\"bold\">M<\/mi><mi mathvariant=\"bold\">P<\/mi><mi mathvariant=\"bold\">a<\/mi><\/mrow><\/mrow><\/semantics><\/math><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li data-start=\"331\" data-end=\"403\"><strong data-start=\"331\" data-end=\"403\">En la direcci\u00f3n paralela al borde m\u00e1s corto del panel de pandeo:<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><math xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\" display=\"block\"><semantics><mrow><msubsup><mi>\u03c3<\/mi><mrow><mi>c<\/mi><mi>y<\/mi><\/mrow><mo lspace=\"0em\" mathvariant=\"normal\" rspace=\"0em\">\u2032<\/mo><\/msubsup><mo>=<\/mo><msub><mi>C<\/mi><mi>y<\/mi><\/msub><msub><mi>R<\/mi><mrow><mi>e<\/mi><mi>H<\/mi><mo separator=\"true\">,<\/mo><mi>P<\/mi><\/mrow><\/msub><\/mrow><annotation encoding=\"application\/x-tex\">sigma&#8217;_{cy} = C_y R_{eH,P}<\/annotation><\/semantics><\/math> <math xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\" display=\"block\"><semantics><mrow><msubsup><mi>\u03c3<\/mi><mrow><mi>c<\/mi><mi>y<\/mi><\/mrow><mo lspace=\"0em\" mathvariant=\"normal\" rspace=\"0em\">\u2032<\/mo><\/msubsup><mo>=<\/mo><mn>0.250<\/mn><mo>\u22c5<\/mo><mn>235<\/mn><mtext> <\/mtext><mi>M<\/mi><mi>P<\/mi><mi>a<\/mi><mo>=<\/mo><mrow><mn mathvariant=\"bold\">58.750<\/mn><mtext> <\/mtext><mi mathvariant=\"bold\">M<\/mi><mi mathvariant=\"bold\">P<\/mi><mi mathvariant=\"bold\">a<\/mi><\/mrow><\/mrow><\/semantics><\/math><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li data-start=\"507\" data-end=\"517\"><strong data-start=\"507\" data-end=\"517\">Cizalla:<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><math xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\" display=\"block\"><semantics><mrow><msubsup><mi>\u03c4<\/mi><mi>c<\/mi><mo lspace=\"0em\" mathvariant=\"normal\" rspace=\"0em\">\u2032<\/mo><\/msubsup><mo>=<\/mo><msub><mi>C<\/mi><mi>\u03c4<\/mi><\/msub><mo>\u22c5<\/mo><mfrac><msub><mi>R<\/mi><mrow><mi>e<\/mi><mi>H<\/mi><mo separator=\"true\">,<\/mo><mi>P<\/mi><\/mrow><\/msub><msqrt><mn>3<\/mn><\/msqrt><\/mfrac><\/mrow><annotation encoding=\"application\/x-tex\">tau&#8217;_c = C_tau cdot frac{R_{eH,P}}{sqrt{3}}<\/annotation><\/semantics><\/math> <math xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\" display=\"block\"><semantics><mrow><msubsup><mi>\u03c4<\/mi><mi>c<\/mi><mo lspace=\"0em\" mathvariant=\"normal\" rspace=\"0em\">\u2032<\/mo><\/msubsup><mo>=<\/mo><mn>0.682<\/mn><mo>\u22c5<\/mo><mfrac><mrow><mn>235<\/mn><mtext> <\/mtext><mi>M<\/mi><mi>P<\/mi><mi>a<\/mi><\/mrow><msqrt><mn>3<\/mn><\/msqrt><\/mfrac><mo>=<\/mo><mrow><mn mathvariant=\"bold\">92.532<\/mn><mtext> <\/mtext><mi mathvariant=\"bold\">M<\/mi><mi mathvariant=\"bold\">P<\/mi><mi mathvariant=\"bold\">a<\/mi><\/mrow><\/mrow><\/semantics><\/math><\/p>\n<p data-start=\"88\" data-end=\"161\">Se calcularon el resto de par\u00e1metros de entrada para las ecuaciones finales:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li data-start=\"163\" data-end=\"232\"><strong data-start=\"163\" data-end=\"194\">Par\u00e1metro de esbeltez de la placa<\/strong><br data-start=\"194\" data-end=\"197\">(Sec. 5 \/ Tabla 1)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><math xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\" display=\"block\"><semantics><mrow><msub><mi>\u03b2<\/mi><mi>p<\/mi><\/msub><mo>=<\/mo><mfrac><mi>b<\/mi><msub><mi>t<\/mi><mi>p<\/mi><\/msub><\/mfrac><msqrt><mfrac><msub><mi>R<\/mi><mrow><mi>e<\/mi><mi>H<\/mi><mo separator=\"true\">,<\/mo><mi>P<\/mi><\/mrow><\/msub><mi>E<\/mi><\/mfrac><\/msqrt><\/mrow><annotation encoding=\"application\/x-tex\">beta_p = frac{b}{t_p} sqrt{frac{R_{eH,P}}{E}}<\/annotation><\/semantics><\/math> <math xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\" display=\"block\"><semantics><mrow><msub><mi>\u03b2<\/mi><mi>p<\/mi><\/msub><mo>=<\/mo><mfrac><mn>1.350<\/mn><mn>0.012<\/mn><\/mfrac><mo>\u22c5<\/mo><msqrt><mfrac><mrow><mn>235<\/mn><mo>\u22c5<\/mo><msup><mn>10<\/mn><mn>6<\/mn><\/msup><\/mrow><mrow><mn>210<\/mn><mo>\u22c5<\/mo><msup><mn>10<\/mn><mn>9<\/mn><\/msup><\/mrow><\/mfrac><\/msqrt><mo>=<\/mo><mn mathvariant=\"bold\">3.763<\/mn><\/mrow><\/semantics><\/math><\/p>\n<p data-start=\"74\" data-end=\"99\">Coeficiente<\/p>\n<p><math xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\"><semantics><mrow><mi>B<\/mi><\/mrow><annotation encoding=\"application\/x-tex\">B<\/annotation><\/semantics><\/math><\/p>\n<p class=\"\" data-start=\"100\" data-end=\"135\">(Sec. 5 \/ Tabla 1)<\/p>\n<p><math xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\" display=\"block\"><semantics><mrow><mi>B<\/mi><mo>=<\/mo><mn>0.7<\/mn><mo>&#8211;<\/mo><mfrac><mrow><mn>0.3<\/mn><mo>\u22c5<\/mo><msub><mi>\u03b2<\/mi><mi>p<\/mi><\/msub><\/mrow><msup><mi>\u03b1<\/mi><mn>2<\/mn><\/msup><\/mfrac><\/mrow><annotation encoding=\"application\/x-tex\">B = 0,7 &#8211; frac{0,3 cdot beta_p}{alpha^2}<\/annotation><\/semantics><\/math> <math xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\" display=\"block\"><semantics><mrow><mi>B<\/mi><mo>=<\/mo><mn>0.7<\/mn><mo>&#8211;<\/mo><mfrac><mrow><mn>0.3<\/mn><mo>\u22c5<\/mo><mn>3.763<\/mn><\/mrow><msup><mn>2.519<\/mn><mn>2<\/mn><\/msup><\/mfrac><mo>=<\/mo><mn mathvariant=\"bold\">0.522<\/mn><\/mrow><\/semantics><\/math><\/p>\n<p data-start=\"81\" data-end=\"108\">Coeficiente<\/p>\n<p><math xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\"><semantics><mrow><msub><mi>e<\/mi><mn>0<\/mn><\/msub><\/mrow><annotation encoding=\"application\/x-tex\">e_0<\/annotation><\/semantics><\/math><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"katex-html\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><span class=\"base\"><span class=\"mord\"><span class=\"msupsub\"><span class=\"vlist-t vlist-t2\"><span class=\"vlist-r\"><span class=\"vlist-s\">\u200b<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"\" data-start=\"109\" data-end=\"144\">(Sec. 5 \/ Tabla 1)<\/p>\n<p><math xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\" display=\"block\"><semantics><mrow><msub><mi>e<\/mi><mn>0<\/mn><\/msub><mo>=<\/mo><mfrac><mn>2<\/mn><msubsup><mi>\u03b2<\/mi><mi>p<\/mi><mn>0.25<\/mn><\/msubsup><\/mfrac><\/mrow><annotation encoding=\"application\/x-tex\">e_0 = frac{2}{beta_p^{0.25}}<\/annotation><\/semantics><\/math> <math xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\" display=\"block\"><semantics><mrow><msub><mi>e<\/mi><mn>0<\/mn><\/msub><mo>=<\/mo><mfrac><mn>2<\/mn><msup><mn>3.763<\/mn><mn>0.25<\/mn><\/msup><\/mfrac><mo>=<\/mo><mn mathvariant=\"bold\">1.436<\/mn><\/mrow><\/semantics><\/math><\/p>\n<p data-start=\"125\" data-end=\"163\">Ecuaciones finales para los estados l\u00edmite<\/p>\n<p class=\"\" data-start=\"164\" data-end=\"280\"><em data-start=\"164\" data-end=\"280\">(Sec. 5 \/ [2.2.1]) &#8211; Transformada para calcular los factores multiplicadores de tensi\u00f3n que act\u00faan sobre las cargas  <\/em><\/p>\n<p><math xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\"><semantics><mrow><mi>\u03b3<\/mi><\/mrow><annotation encoding=\"application\/x-tex\">gamma<\/annotation><\/semantics><\/math><\/p>\n<p data-start=\"282\" data-end=\"291\">I.<\/p>\n<p><math xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\" display=\"block\"><semantics><mrow><msub><mi>\u03b3<\/mi><mrow><mi>c<\/mi><mn>1<\/mn><\/mrow><\/msub><mo>=<\/mo><msup><mrow><mo fence=\"true\">(<\/mo><mfrac><mn>1<\/mn><mrow><msup><mrow><mo fence=\"true\">(<\/mo><mfrac><mrow><msub><mi>\u03c3<\/mi><mi>x<\/mi><\/msub><mi>S<\/mi><\/mrow><msubsup><mi>\u03c3<\/mi><mrow><mi>c<\/mi><mi>x<\/mi><\/mrow><mo lspace=\"0em\" mathvariant=\"normal\" rspace=\"0em\">\u2032<\/mo><\/msubsup><\/mfrac><mo fence=\"true\">)<\/mo><\/mrow><msub><mi>e<\/mi><mn>0<\/mn><\/msub><\/msup><mo>&#8211;<\/mo><mi>B<\/mi><msup><mrow><mo fence=\"true\">(<\/mo><mfrac><mrow><msub><mi>\u03c3<\/mi><mi>x<\/mi><\/msub><mi>S<\/mi><\/mrow><msubsup><mi>\u03c3<\/mi><mrow><mi>c<\/mi><mi>x<\/mi><\/mrow><mo lspace=\"0em\" mathvariant=\"normal\" rspace=\"0em\">\u2032<\/mo><\/msubsup><\/mfrac><mo fence=\"true\">)<\/mo><\/mrow><mfrac><msub><mi>e<\/mi><mn>0<\/mn><\/msub><mn>2<\/mn><\/mfrac><\/msup><msup><mrow><mo fence=\"true\">(<\/mo><mfrac><mrow><msub><mi>\u03c3<\/mi><mi>y<\/mi><\/msub><mi>S<\/mi><\/mrow><msubsup><mi>\u03c3<\/mi><mrow><mi>c<\/mi><mi>y<\/mi><\/mrow><mo lspace=\"0em\" mathvariant=\"normal\" rspace=\"0em\">\u2032<\/mo><\/msubsup><\/mfrac><mo fence=\"true\">)<\/mo><\/mrow><mfrac><msub><mi>e<\/mi><mn>0<\/mn><\/msub><mn>2<\/mn><\/mfrac><\/msup><mo>+<\/mo><msup><mrow><mo fence=\"true\">(<\/mo><mfrac><mrow><msub><mi>\u03c3<\/mi><mi>y<\/mi><\/msub><mi>S<\/mi><\/mrow><msubsup><mi>\u03c3<\/mi><mrow><mi>c<\/mi><mi>y<\/mi><\/mrow><mo lspace=\"0em\" mathvariant=\"normal\" rspace=\"0em\">\u2032<\/mo><\/msubsup><\/mfrac><mo fence=\"true\">)<\/mo><\/mrow><msub><mi>e<\/mi><mn>0<\/mn><\/msub><\/msup><mo>+<\/mo><msup><mrow><mo fence=\"true\">(<\/mo><mfrac><mrow><mi mathvariant=\"normal\">\u2223<\/mi><mi>\u03c4<\/mi><mi mathvariant=\"normal\">\u2223<\/mi><mi>S<\/mi><\/mrow><msubsup><mi>\u03c4<\/mi><mi>c<\/mi><mo lspace=\"0em\" mathvariant=\"normal\" rspace=\"0em\">\u2032<\/mo><\/msubsup><\/mfrac><mo fence=\"true\">)<\/mo><\/mrow><msub><mi>e<\/mi><mn>0<\/mn><\/msub><\/msup><\/mrow><\/mfrac><mo fence=\"true\">)<\/mo><\/mrow><mfrac><mn>1<\/mn><msub><mi>e<\/mi><mn>0<\/mn><\/msub><\/mfrac><\/msup><\/mrow><\/semantics><\/math><\/p>\n<p data-start=\"630\" data-end=\"640\">II.<\/p>\n<p><math xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\" display=\"block\"><semantics><mrow><msub><mi>\u03b3<\/mi><mrow><mi>c<\/mi><mn>2<\/mn><\/mrow><\/msub><mo>=<\/mo><msup><mrow><mo fence=\"true\">(<\/mo><mfrac><mn>1<\/mn><mrow><msup><mrow><mo fence=\"true\">(<\/mo><mfrac><mrow><msub><mi>\u03c3<\/mi><mi>x<\/mi><\/msub><mi>S<\/mi><\/mrow><msubsup><mi>\u03c3<\/mi><mrow><mi>c<\/mi><mi>x<\/mi><\/mrow><mo lspace=\"0em\" mathvariant=\"normal\" rspace=\"0em\">\u2032<\/mo><\/msubsup><\/mfrac><mo fence=\"true\">)<\/mo><\/mrow><mfrac><mn>2<\/mn><msubsup><mi>\u03b2<\/mi><mi>p<\/mi><mn>0.25<\/mn><\/msubsup><\/mfrac><\/msup><mo>+<\/mo><msup><mrow><mo fence=\"true\">(<\/mo><mfrac><mrow><mi mathvariant=\"normal\">\u2223<\/mi><mi>\u03c4<\/mi><mi mathvariant=\"normal\">\u2223<\/mi><mi>S<\/mi><\/mrow><msubsup><mi>\u03c4<\/mi><mi>c<\/mi><mo lspace=\"0em\" mathvariant=\"normal\" rspace=\"0em\">\u2032<\/mo><\/msubsup><\/mfrac><mo fence=\"true\">)<\/mo><\/mrow><mfrac><mn>2<\/mn><msubsup><mi>\u03b2<\/mi><mi>p<\/mi><mn>0.25<\/mn><\/msubsup><\/mfrac><\/msup><\/mrow><\/mfrac><mo fence=\"true\">)<\/mo><\/mrow><mfrac><msubsup><mi>\u03b2<\/mi><mi>p<\/mi><mn>0.25<\/mn><\/msubsup><mn>2<\/mn><\/mfrac><\/msup><\/mrow><\/semantics><\/math><\/p>\n<p data-start=\"857\" data-end=\"868\">III.<\/p>\n<p><math xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\" display=\"block\"><semantics><mrow><msub><mi>\u03b3<\/mi><mrow><mi>c<\/mi><mn>3<\/mn><\/mrow><\/msub><mo>=<\/mo><msup><mrow><mo fence=\"true\">(<\/mo><mfrac><mn>1<\/mn><mrow><msup><mrow><mo fence=\"true\">(<\/mo><mfrac><mrow><msub><mi>\u03c3<\/mi><mi>y<\/mi><\/msub><mi>S<\/mi><\/mrow><msubsup><mi>\u03c3<\/mi><mrow><mi>c<\/mi><mi>y<\/mi><\/mrow><mo lspace=\"0em\" mathvariant=\"normal\" rspace=\"0em\">\u2032<\/mo><\/msubsup><\/mfrac><mo fence=\"true\">)<\/mo><\/mrow><mfrac><mn>2<\/mn><msubsup><mi>\u03b2<\/mi><mi>p<\/mi><mn>0.25<\/mn><\/msubsup><\/mfrac><\/msup><mo>+<\/mo><msup><mrow><mo fence=\"true\">(<\/mo><mfrac><mrow><mi mathvariant=\"normal\">\u2223<\/mi><mi>\u03c4<\/mi><mi mathvariant=\"normal\">\u2223<\/mi><mi>S<\/mi><\/mrow><msubsup><mi>\u03c4<\/mi><mi>c<\/mi><mo lspace=\"0em\" mathvariant=\"normal\" rspace=\"0em\">\u2032<\/mo><\/msubsup><\/mfrac><mo fence=\"true\">)<\/mo><\/mrow><mfrac><mn>2<\/mn><msubsup><mi>\u03b2<\/mi><mi>p<\/mi><mn>0.25<\/mn><\/msubsup><\/mfrac><\/msup><\/mrow><\/mfrac><mo fence=\"true\">)<\/mo><\/mrow><mfrac><msubsup><mi>\u03b2<\/mi><mi>p<\/mi><mn>0.25<\/mn><\/msubsup><mn>2<\/mn><\/mfrac><\/msup><\/mrow><\/semantics><\/math><\/p>\n<p data-start=\"1085\" data-end=\"1095\">IV.<\/p>\n<p><math xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\" display=\"block\"><semantics><mrow><msub><mi>\u03b3<\/mi><mrow><mi>c<\/mi><mn>4<\/mn><\/mrow><\/msub><mo>=<\/mo><mfrac><msubsup><mi>\u03c4<\/mi><mi>c<\/mi><mo lspace=\"0em\" mathvariant=\"normal\" rspace=\"0em\">\u2032<\/mo><\/msubsup><mrow><mi mathvariant=\"normal\">\u2223<\/mi><mi>\u03c4<\/mi><mi mathvariant=\"normal\">\u2223<\/mi><mi>S<\/mi><\/mrow><\/mfrac><\/mrow><\/semantics><\/math><\/p>\n<p data-start=\"52\" data-end=\"107\">Factor de seguridad parcial y factores multiplicadores de tensi\u00f3n<\/p>\n<p class=\"\" data-start=\"109\" data-end=\"193\">El <strong data-start=\"113\" data-end=\"138\">factor de seguridad parcial <\/strong><em>S<\/em><\/p>\n<p>(Sec. 5 \/ S\u00edmbolos) se fij\u00f3 como:<\/p>\n<p><math xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\" display=\"block\"><semantics><mrow><mi>S<\/mi><mo>=<\/mo><mn>1<\/mn><\/mrow><\/semantics><\/math><\/p>\n<p class=\"\" data-start=\"208\" data-end=\"302\">A continuaci\u00f3n, los <strong data-start=\"217\" data-end=\"256\">valores de los factores multiplicadores de tensi\u00f3n<\/strong> que act\u00faan sobre las cargas<\/p>\n<p><math xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\"><semantics><mrow><mi>\u03b3<\/mi><\/mrow><annotation encoding=\"application\/x-tex\">gamma<\/annotation><\/semantics><\/math><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"katex-html\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><span class=\"base\"><span class=\"mord mathnormal\">\u03b3<\/span><\/span><\/span> se calcularon:<\/p>\n<p data-start=\"304\" data-end=\"313\">I.<\/p>\n<p><math xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\" display=\"block\"><semantics><mrow><msub><mi>\u03b3<\/mi><mrow><mi>c<\/mi><mn>1<\/mn><\/mrow><\/msub><mo>=<\/mo><mn>1.763<\/mn><\/mrow><\/semantics><\/math><\/p>\n<p data-start=\"341\" data-end=\"351\">II.<\/p>\n<p><math xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\" display=\"block\"><semantics><mrow><msub><mi>\u03b3<\/mi><mrow><mi>c<\/mi><mn>2<\/mn><\/mrow><\/msub><mo>=<\/mo><mn>2.486<\/mn><\/mrow><\/semantics><\/math><\/p>\n<p data-start=\"379\" data-end=\"390\">III.<\/p>\n<p><math xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\" display=\"block\"><semantics><mrow><msub><mi>\u03b3<\/mi><mrow><mi>c<\/mi><mn>3<\/mn><\/mrow><\/msub><mo>=<\/mo><mn>1.968<\/mn><\/mrow><\/semantics><\/math><\/p>\n<p data-start=\"418\" data-end=\"428\">IV.<\/p>\n<p><math xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\" display=\"block\"><semantics><mrow><msub><mi>\u03b3<\/mi><mrow><mi>c<\/mi><mn>4<\/mn><\/mrow><\/msub><mo>=<\/mo><mn>5.663<\/mn><\/mrow><\/semantics><\/math><\/p>\n<p data-start=\"52\" data-end=\"111\">Factor multiplicador de tensi\u00f3n m\u00ednima y factor de utilizaci\u00f3n<\/p>\n<p class=\"\" data-start=\"113\" data-end=\"238\">El <strong data-start=\"171\" data-end=\"210\">factor multiplicador de tensi\u00f3n <\/strong> <strong data-start=\"117\" data-end=\"153\">m\u00ednimo<\/strong> de arriba &#8211; el <strong data-start=\"171\" data-end=\"210\">factor multiplicador de tensi\u00f3n en el momento del fallo <\/strong> <\/p>\n<p><math xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\"><semantics><mrow><msub><mi>\u03b3<\/mi><mi>c<\/mi><\/msub><\/mrow><\/semantics><\/math><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><math xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\"><semantics><mrow><msub><mi><\/mi><mi>\n<\/mi><\/msub><\/mrow><annotation encoding=\"application\/x-tex\">gamma_c<\/annotation><\/semantics><\/math><\/p>\n<p>&#8211; se encontr\u00f3:<\/p>\n<p><math xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\" display=\"block\"><semantics><mrow><msub><mi>\u03b3<\/mi><mi>c<\/mi><\/msub><mo>=<\/mo><mn>1.763<\/mn><\/mrow><\/semantics><\/math><\/p>\n<p><strong>El factor de utilizaci\u00f3n <\/strong><sub>\ud835\udf02\ud835\udc4e\ud835\udc50\ud835\udc61<\/sub> se calcul\u00f3  <em data-start=\"323\" data-end=\"357\">(Sec. 1 \/ [2.2.2] <\/em>:<\/p>\n<p><math xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\" display=\"block\"><semantics><mrow><msub><mi>\u03b7<\/mi><mrow><mi>a<\/mi><mi>c<\/mi><mi>t<\/mi><\/mrow><\/msub><mo>=<\/mo><mfrac><mn>1<\/mn><msub><mi>\u03b3<\/mi><mi>c<\/mi><\/msub><\/mfrac><mo>=<\/mo><mfrac><mn>1<\/mn><mn>1.763<\/mn><\/mfrac><mo>=<\/mo><mi><mn mathvariant=\"bold\">0.567<\/mn><\/mi><\/mrow><\/semantics><\/math><\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n<div class=\"single-article__block\">\n    <h2>Configuraci\u00f3n del SDC Verifier<\/h2>    <p>En <strong data-start=\"78\" data-end=\"94\">SDC Verifier<\/strong>, la norma se a\u00f1adi\u00f3 utilizando los <strong data-start=\"129\" data-end=\"149\">mismos supuestos<\/strong> que en el c\u00e1lculo anal\u00edtico. A continuaci\u00f3n, se realiz\u00f3 la comprobaci\u00f3n bas\u00e1ndose en esta configuraci\u00f3n. <\/p>\n<h3 data-start=\"235\" data-end=\"264\">1. Propiedades del acero dulce<\/h3>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-84003\" src=\"https:\/\/sdcverifier.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/Screenshot-2025-04-10-204603.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"761\" height=\"652\" srcset=\"https:\/\/sdcverifier.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/Screenshot-2025-04-10-204603.png 761w, https:\/\/sdcverifier.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/Screenshot-2025-04-10-204603-300x257.png 300w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 761px) 100vw, 761px\" \/><\/p>\n<h3 id=\"top-plate-properties-t--12-mm\" class=\"\" data-start=\"52\" data-end=\"88\">Propiedades de la placa superior (T = 12 mm)<\/h3>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-84004\" src=\"https:\/\/sdcverifier.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/Screenshot-2025-04-10-204645.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"770\" height=\"567\" srcset=\"https:\/\/sdcverifier.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/Screenshot-2025-04-10-204645.png 770w, https:\/\/sdcverifier.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/Screenshot-2025-04-10-204645-300x221.png 300w, https:\/\/sdcverifier.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/Screenshot-2025-04-10-204645-768x566.png 768w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 770px) 100vw, 770px\" \/><\/p>\n<h3 id=\"properties-summary\" class=\"\" data-start=\"71\" data-end=\"95\">Resumen de propiedades<\/h3>\n<p class=\"\" data-start=\"96\" data-end=\"144\"><em data-start=\"96\" data-end=\"144\">Calculado para el CSys \u00ab0..B\u00e1sico Rectangular\u00bb<\/em><\/p>\n<p data-start=\"96\" data-end=\"144\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-84005\" src=\"https:\/\/sdcverifier.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/Screenshot-2025-04-10-204813.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"762\" height=\"202\" srcset=\"https:\/\/sdcverifier.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/Screenshot-2025-04-10-204813.png 762w, https:\/\/sdcverifier.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/Screenshot-2025-04-10-204813-300x80.png 300w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 762px) 100vw, 762px\" \/><\/p>\n<h3 id=\"fem-loads\" class=\"\" data-start=\"77\" data-end=\"92\">Cargas FEM<\/h3>\n<p class=\"\" data-start=\"93\" data-end=\"160\"><em data-start=\"93\" data-end=\"160\">Este p\u00e1rrafo contiene informaci\u00f3n sobre las cargas aplicadas al modelo.<\/em><\/p>\n<p data-start=\"162\" data-end=\"180\">1. Bordes largos<\/p>\n<p data-start=\"162\" data-end=\"180\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-84006\" src=\"https:\/\/sdcverifier.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/Screenshot-2025-04-10-204925.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"767\" height=\"640\" srcset=\"https:\/\/sdcverifier.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/Screenshot-2025-04-10-204925.png 767w, https:\/\/sdcverifier.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/Screenshot-2025-04-10-204925-300x250.png 300w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 767px) 100vw, 767px\" \/><\/p>\n<p id=\"2-short-edges\">2. Bordes cortos<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-84007\" src=\"https:\/\/sdcverifier.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/Screenshot-2025-04-10-205047.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"768\" height=\"592\" srcset=\"https:\/\/sdcverifier.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/Screenshot-2025-04-10-205047.png 768w, https:\/\/sdcverifier.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/Screenshot-2025-04-10-205047-300x231.png 300w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 768px) 100vw, 768px\" \/><\/p>\n<p id=\"3-long-edges-parallel\">3. Bordes largos paralelos<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-84008\" src=\"https:\/\/sdcverifier.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/Screenshot-2025-04-10-205219.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"776\" height=\"588\" srcset=\"https:\/\/sdcverifier.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/Screenshot-2025-04-10-205219.png 776w, https:\/\/sdcverifier.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/Screenshot-2025-04-10-205219-300x227.png 300w, https:\/\/sdcverifier.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/Screenshot-2025-04-10-205219-768x582.png 768w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 776px) 100vw, 776px\" \/><\/p>\n<h3 id=\"constraints\" class=\"\" data-start=\"74\" data-end=\"89\">Restricciones<\/h3>\n<p class=\"\" data-start=\"91\" data-end=\"164\">Este p\u00e1rrafo contiene informaci\u00f3n sobre las partes limitadas del modelo.<\/p>\n<p data-start=\"91\" data-end=\"164\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-84009\" src=\"https:\/\/sdcverifier.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/Screenshot-2025-04-10-205344.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"767\" height=\"497\" srcset=\"https:\/\/sdcverifier.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/Screenshot-2025-04-10-205344.png 767w, https:\/\/sdcverifier.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/Screenshot-2025-04-10-205344-300x194.png 300w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 767px) 100vw, 767px\" \/><\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n<div class=\"single-article__block\">\n    <h2>Resultados<\/h2>    <p><strong>Contexto de la figura<\/strong> Salida del <strong>SDC Verifier \u2192 BV NR615 Pandeo de placa (2023)<\/strong> para el <strong>conjunto de carga 1<\/strong> (comprobaci\u00f3n promediada por elementos, componente <em>1..Long2<\/em>). La tabla enumera las secciones de placa verificadas, su geometr\u00eda (L, W, t), las tensiones de EF (\u03c3x, \u03c3y, \u03c4) y las <strong>utilizaciones de NR615 para los estados l\u00edmite 1-4 y global<\/strong>. La columna <strong>Requisito de<\/strong> esbeltez confirma el criterio de esbeltez NR615 (aqu\u00ed = <strong>1,00<\/strong>). <strong>Utilizaci\u00f3n &lt; 1,0 = aprobado<\/strong>; el valor que rige en este conjunto es <strong>Overall 0,562<\/strong> (Secci\u00f3n Z12).  <\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter size-large wp-image-84013\" src=\"https:\/\/sdcverifier.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/Screenshot-2025-10-31-130515-802x653.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"802\" height=\"653\" srcset=\"https:\/\/sdcverifier.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/Screenshot-2025-10-31-130515-802x653.png 802w, https:\/\/sdcverifier.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/Screenshot-2025-10-31-130515-300x244.png 300w, https:\/\/sdcverifier.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/Screenshot-2025-10-31-130515-768x625.png 768w, https:\/\/sdcverifier.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/Screenshot-2025-10-31-130515.png 807w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 802px) 100vw, 802px\" \/><\/p>\n<p data-start=\"52\" data-end=\"169\">Resultados intermedios de <sub>\u03c3\u2032cx<\/sub>, <sub>\u03c3\u2032cy<\/sub> y <sub>\u03c4\u2032c<\/sub> a partir de los detalles de c\u00e1lculo del control<\/p>\n<p data-start=\"52\" data-end=\"169\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter size-large wp-image-84014\" src=\"https:\/\/sdcverifier.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/Screenshot-2025-10-31-130624-802x206.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"802\" height=\"206\" srcset=\"https:\/\/sdcverifier.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/Screenshot-2025-10-31-130624-802x206.png 802w, https:\/\/sdcverifier.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/Screenshot-2025-10-31-130624-300x77.png 300w, https:\/\/sdcverifier.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/Screenshot-2025-10-31-130624-768x197.png 768w, https:\/\/sdcverifier.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/Screenshot-2025-10-31-130624.png 1211w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 802px) 100vw, 802px\" \/><\/p>\n<p data-start=\"52\" data-end=\"169\"><!-- wp:tadv\/classic-paragraph --><\/p>\n<h3 data-start=\"79\" data-end=\"143\"><strong data-start=\"83\" data-end=\"143\">Comparaci\u00f3n de los c\u00e1lculos manuales y los resultados del SDC Verifier<\/strong><\/h3>\n<p data-start=\"52\" data-end=\"169\"><!-- \/wp:tadv\/classic-paragraph --> <!-- wp:table --><\/p>\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table\">\n<table class=\"has-fixed-layout\" style=\"width: 105.313%; height: 96px;\">\n<tbody>\n<tr style=\"height: 48px;\">\n<td style=\"text-align: center; height: 48px; width: 42.2785%;\"><strong>Par\u00e1metro<\/strong><\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: center; height: 48px; width: 33.4177%;\"><strong>C\u00e1lculos manuales<\/strong><\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: center; height: 48px; width: 28.1652%;\"><strong>SDC Verifier<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 48px;\">\n<td style=\"text-align: center; height: 48px; width: 42.2785%;\"><strong>Requisito de esbeltez<\/strong><\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: center; height: 48px; width: 33.4177%;\">Aprobado<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: center; height: 48px; width: 28.1652%;\">Aprobado<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/figure>\n<p data-start=\"52\" data-end=\"169\"><!-- \/wp:table --> <!-- wp:tadv\/classic-paragraph --><\/p>\n<p><strong data-start=\"155\" data-end=\"191\">Tensiones \u00faltimas de pandeo [MPa]<\/strong><\/p>\n<p data-start=\"52\" data-end=\"169\"><!-- \/wp:tadv\/classic-paragraph --> <!-- wp:table --><\/p>\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table\">\n<table class=\"has-fixed-layout\" style=\"width: 104.931%; height: 129px;\">\n<tbody>\n<tr style=\"height: 48px;\">\n<td style=\"text-align: center; height: 48px; width: 25%;\">Par\u00e1metro<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: center; height: 48px; width: 42.9487%;\">C\u00e1lculos manuales<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: center; height: 48px; width: 62.5%;\">SDC Verifier<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 27px;\">\n<td style=\"text-align: center; height: 27px; width: 25%;\"><sub>\u03c3\u2032cx<\/sub><\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: center; height: 27px; width: 42.9487%;\">119.145<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: center; height: 27px; width: 62.5%;\">119.252<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 27px;\">\n<td style=\"text-align: center; height: 27px; width: 25%;\"><sub>\u03c3\u2032cy<\/sub><\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: center; height: 27px; width: 42.9487%;\">58.750<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: center; height: 27px; width: 62.5%;\">58.631<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 27px;\">\n<td style=\"text-align: center; height: 27px; width: 25%;\"><sub>\u03c3\u2032c<\/sub><\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: center; height: 27px; width: 42.9487%;\">92.932<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: center; height: 27px; width: 62.5%;\">92.585<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/figure>\n<p data-start=\"52\" data-end=\"169\"><!-- \/wp:table --> <!-- wp:paragraph --><\/p>\n<p><strong>Inversa de los factores multiplicadores de tensi\u00f3n que act\u00faan sobre las cargas<\/strong><\/p>\n<p data-start=\"52\" data-end=\"169\"><!-- \/wp:paragraph --> <!-- wp:tadv\/classic-paragraph \/--> <!-- wp:table --><\/p>\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table\">\n<table class=\"has-fixed-layout\" style=\"width: 105.941%;\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"text-align: center; width: 25%;\">Par\u00e1metro<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: center; width: 42.9487%;\">C\u00e1lculos manuales<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: center; width: 62.624%;\">SDC Verifier<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"text-align: center; width: 25%;\"><sub>1\/\u03b3c1<\/sub><\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: center; width: 42.9487%;\">0.567<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: center; width: 62.624%;\">0.562<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"text-align: center; width: 25%;\"><sub>1\/\u03b3c2<\/sub><\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: center; width: 42.9487%;\">0.402<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: center; width: 62.624%;\">0.396<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"text-align: center; width: 25%;\"><sub>1\/\u03b3c3<\/sub><\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: center; width: 42.9487%;\">0.508<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: center; width: 62.624%;\">0.504<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"text-align: center; width: 25%;\"><sub>1\/\u03b3c4<\/sub><\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: center; width: 42.9487%;\">0.177<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: center; width: 62.624%;\">0.169<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/figure>\n<p data-start=\"52\" data-end=\"169\"><!-- \/wp:table --> <!-- wp:tadv\/classic-paragraph --><\/p>\n<p><strong data-start=\"846\" data-end=\"868\">Factor de utilizaci\u00f3n<\/strong><\/p>\n<p data-start=\"52\" data-end=\"169\"><!-- \/wp:tadv\/classic-paragraph --> <!-- wp:table --><\/p>\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table\">\n<table class=\"has-fixed-layout\" style=\"width: 106.936%;\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"text-align: center; width: 27.7778%;\">Par\u00e1metro<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: center; width: 41.358%;\">C\u00e1lculos manuales<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: center; width: 59.2593%;\">SDC Verifier<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"text-align: center; width: 27.7778%;\"><sub>\u03b7act<\/sub> = 1 \/ <sub>\u03b3c1<\/sub><\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: center; width: 41.358%;\">0.567<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: center; width: 59.2593%;\">0.562<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/figure>\n<p data-start=\"52\" data-end=\"169\"><!-- \/wp:table --> <!-- wp:tadv\/classic-paragraph --><\/p>\n<p><strong data-start=\"802\" data-end=\"811\">Nota: <\/strong><em data-start=\"814\" data-end=\"896\" data-is-last-node=\"\">Los resultados del SDC Verifier son los mismos que los obtenidos con c\u00e1lculos manuales.<\/em><\/p>\n<p data-start=\"52\" data-end=\"169\"><!-- \/wp:tadv\/classic-paragraph --><\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n<div class=\"single-article__block\">\n    <h2>Conclusi\u00f3n<\/h2>    <p class=\"\" data-start=\"1438\" data-end=\"1554\">La evaluaci\u00f3n comparativa confirma un <strong data-start=\"1463\" data-end=\"1490\">alto nivel de concordancia<\/strong> entre los c\u00e1lculos manuales y la comprobaci\u00f3n automatizada del SDC Verifier:<\/p>\n<ul data-start=\"1556\" data-end=\"1902\">\n<li class=\"\" data-start=\"1556\" data-end=\"1604\">\n<p class=\"\" data-start=\"1558\" data-end=\"1604\"><strong data-start=\"1562\" data-end=\"1603\">Se cumpli\u00f3 el requisito de esbeltez<\/strong>.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"\" data-start=\"1556\" data-end=\"1604\">\n<p class=\"\" data-start=\"1558\" data-end=\"1604\">Las diferencias en <strong data-start=\"1622\" data-end=\"1652\">las tensiones \u00faltimas de pandeo<\/strong> y los <strong data-start=\"1657\" data-end=\"1686\">factores multiplicadores de<\/strong> tensi\u00f3n estuvieron dentro de <strong data-start=\"1699\" data-end=\"1708\">&lt;0<\/strong> <strong data-start=\"1699\" data-end=\"1708\">,2%<\/strong>, lo que indica una coherencia precisa.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"\" data-start=\"1742\" data-end=\"1902\">\n<p class=\"\" data-start=\"1744\" data-end=\"1902\">El <strong data-start=\"1748\" data-end=\"1770\">factor de utilizaci\u00f3n<\/strong> obtenido fue casi id\u00e9ntico:<br data-start=\"1801\" data-end=\"1804\">\u2192 C\u00e1lculos manuales: <strong data-start=\"1827\" data-end=\"1854\"><sub>\u03b7act<\/sub><\/strong> <strong data-start=\"1827\" data-end=\"1854\">= 0,567<\/strong><br data-start=\"1854\" data-end=\"1857\">\u2192 SDC Verifier: <strong data-start=\"1875\" data-end=\"1902\"><sub>\u03b7act<\/sub><\/strong> <strong data-start=\"1875\" data-end=\"1902\">= 0,562<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p class=\"\" data-start=\"1904\" data-end=\"2123\">Esta validaci\u00f3n demuestra que <strong data-start=\"1938\" data-end=\"2023\">SDC Verifier aplica con precisi\u00f3n los procedimientos de evaluaci\u00f3n de pandeo BV NR615 (2023<\/strong>), lo que lo convierte en una herramienta fiable para las comprobaciones de integridad estructural en aplicaciones mar\u00edtimas y de alta mar.<\/p>\n<\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"","protected":false},"author":16,"featured_media":93709,"parent":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"single-new.php","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"inline_featured_image":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[626],"tags":[627,628,620],"class_list":["post-93694","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-benchmarks","tag-bureau-veritas","tag-bv-nr615","tag-plate-buckling"],"acf":[],"aioseo_notices":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/sdcverifier.com\/es\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/93694","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/sdcverifier.com\/es\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/sdcverifier.com\/es\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/sdcverifier.com\/es\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/16"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/sdcverifier.com\/es\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=93694"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/sdcverifier.com\/es\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/93694\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/sdcverifier.com\/es\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/93709"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/sdcverifier.com\/es\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=93694"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/sdcverifier.com\/es\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=93694"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/sdcverifier.com\/es\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=93694"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}