{"id":94684,"date":"2024-02-21T14:45:00","date_gmt":"2024-02-21T13:45:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/sdcverifier.com\/sin-categoria\/como-disenar-y-utilizar-dispositivos-de-elevacion-por-debajo-del-gancho-segun-las-normas-asme\/"},"modified":"2026-04-01T01:11:03","modified_gmt":"2026-03-31T23:11:03","slug":"como-disenar-y-utilizar-dispositivos-de-elevacion-por-debajo-del-gancho-segun-las-normas-asme","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/sdcverifier.com\/es\/articles\/como-disenar-y-utilizar-dispositivos-de-elevacion-por-debajo-del-gancho-segun-las-normas-asme\/","title":{"rendered":"C\u00f3mo dise\u00f1ar y utilizar dispositivos de elevaci\u00f3n por debajo del gancho seg\u00fan las normas ASME"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p><span data-contrast=\"none\">Los dispositivos de elevaci\u00f3n por debajo del gancho son herramientas que sujetan una carga a un polipasto, una gr\u00faa u otro equipo de elevaci\u00f3n. Pueden tener varias formas, como ganchos, abrazaderas, imanes, eslingas y vigas, y se utilizan para elevar, mover y posicionar cargas de diferentes formas, tama\u00f1os y pesos. <\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{\"> <\/span><\/p>\n\n<p><span data-contrast=\"none\">Sin embargo, dise\u00f1ar y utilizar dispositivos de elevaci\u00f3n por debajo del gancho no es una tarea sencilla. Hay muchos factores a tener en cuenta, como las caracter\u00edsticas de la carga, los componentes del dispositivo de elevaci\u00f3n, las condiciones ambientales y los requisitos de seguridad. Por eso es importante seguir las normas ASME que proporcionan orientaci\u00f3n y las mejores pr\u00e1cticas para los dispositivos de elevaci\u00f3n por debajo del gancho.  <\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{\"> <\/span><\/p>\n\n<p><span data-contrast=\"none\">En este art\u00edculo, presentaremos dos <a href=\"https:\/\/sdcverifier.com\/es\/engineering-standards\/normas-asme\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" class=\"ek-link\">normas ASME<\/a> que son relevantes para los dispositivos de elevaci\u00f3n por debajo del gancho: ASME BTH-1 y ASME B30.20. Le explicaremos qu\u00e9 son, qu\u00e9 cubren y c\u00f3mo pueden ayudarle a dise\u00f1ar y utilizar dispositivos de elevaci\u00f3n por debajo del gancho de forma m\u00e1s eficaz y segura.   <\/span><\/p>\n<style>.kb-table-of-content-nav.kb-table-of-content-id62339_18756e-65 .kb-table-of-content-wrap{padding-top:var(--global-kb-spacing-sm, 1.5rem);padding-right:var(--global-kb-spacing-sm, 1.5rem);padding-bottom:var(--global-kb-spacing-sm, 1.5rem);padding-left:var(--global-kb-spacing-sm, 1.5rem);}.kb-table-of-content-nav.kb-table-of-content-id62339_18756e-65 .kb-table-of-contents-title-wrap{padding-top:0px;padding-right:0px;padding-bottom:0px;padding-left:0px;}.kb-table-of-content-nav.kb-table-of-content-id62339_18756e-65 .kb-table-of-contents-title{font-weight:regular;font-style:normal;}.kb-table-of-content-nav.kb-table-of-content-id62339_18756e-65 .kb-table-of-content-wrap .kb-table-of-content-list{font-weight:regular;font-style:normal;margin-top:var(--global-kb-spacing-sm, 1.5rem);margin-right:0px;margin-bottom:0px;margin-left:0px;}<\/style>\n<div class=\"split\"> <\/div><h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"TextRun SCXW181188422 BCX8\" lang=\"EN-US\" data-contrast=\"none\" xml:lang=\"EN-US\"><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW181188422 BCX8\">\u00bfQu\u00e9 es ASME BTH-1?<\/span><\/span><span class=\"EOP SCXW181188422 BCX8\" data-ccp-props=\"{\"> <\/span><\/h2>\n\n<p><span data-contrast=\"none\"><strong>ASME BTH-1 es una norma que proporciona criterios m\u00ednimos de dise\u00f1o estructural, mec\u00e1nico y el\u00e9ctrico para dispositivos de elevaci\u00f3n por debajo del gancho<\/strong>. Se aplica al dise\u00f1o o modificaci\u00f3n de cualquier dispositivo que se utilice para sujetar una carga a un polipasto, como los dispositivos de elevaci\u00f3n estructurales y mec\u00e1nicos, los dispositivos de elevaci\u00f3n por vac\u00edo, los imanes de elevaci\u00f3n de proximidad operados, los imanes de elevaci\u00f3n operados a distancia o las pinzas para chatarra y manipulaci\u00f3n de materiales. <\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{\"> <\/span><\/p>\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter size-large\"><a href=\"https:\/\/sdcverifier.com\/es\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/02\/asme-bth-1.jpg\"><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"576\" src=\"https:\/\/sdcverifier.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/02\/asme-bth-1-1024x576.jpg\" alt=\"Agarres ASME BTH-1\" class=\"wp-image-62592\" srcset=\"https:\/\/sdcverifier.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/02\/asme-bth-1-1024x576.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/sdcverifier.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/02\/asme-bth-1-802x451.jpg 802w, https:\/\/sdcverifier.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/02\/asme-bth-1-300x169.jpg 300w, https:\/\/sdcverifier.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/02\/asme-bth-1-768x432.jpg 768w, https:\/\/sdcverifier.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/02\/asme-bth-1-1536x864.jpg 1536w, https:\/\/sdcverifier.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/02\/asme-bth-1-550x310.jpg 550w, https:\/\/sdcverifier.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/02\/asme-bth-1.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><\/a><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"none\"><strong>ASME BTH-1 no sustituye a ASME B30.20<\/strong>, que es otra norma que aborda los requisitos de seguridad de los dispositivos de elevaci\u00f3n por debajo del gancho. ASME <a href=\"https:\/\/www.asme.org\/codes-standards\/find-codes-standards\/bth-1-design-hook-lifting-devices\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\">BTH-1 s\u00f3lo cubre los aspectos de dise\u00f1o<\/a>, mientras que ASME B30.20 cubre el marcado, la construcci\u00f3n, la instalaci\u00f3n, la inspecci\u00f3n, las pruebas, el mantenimiento y el funcionamiento de los dispositivos de elevaci\u00f3n por debajo del gancho.<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{\"> <\/span><\/p>\n\n<p><span data-contrast=\"none\">ASME BTH-1 exige que los dispositivos de elevaci\u00f3n sean dise\u00f1ados por, o bajo la supervisi\u00f3n directa de, una persona cualificada. Tambi\u00e9n especifica la carga nominal, la geometr\u00eda de la carga, la categor\u00eda de dise\u00f1o y la clase de servicio que deben tenerse en cuenta durante el proceso de dise\u00f1o. Proporciona f\u00f3rmulas y m\u00e9todos para calcular las tensiones admisibles, los materiales, los dise\u00f1os y procedimientos de soldadura y otros criterios de dise\u00f1o.  <\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{\"> <\/span><\/p>\n\n<p><span data-contrast=\"none\">La \u00faltima edici\u00f3n de ASME BTH-1 se public\u00f3 en 2023 e incluye algunos cambios respecto a la edici\u00f3n anterior, como:<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{\"> <\/span><\/p>\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><span data-contrast=\"none\">Aclaraci\u00f3n de los requisitos para establecer la carga nominal de un aparato elevador mediante c\u00e1lculo<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{\"> <\/span><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><span data-contrast=\"none\">Incorporaci\u00f3n de la norma ASME B30.30-2019 a los requisitos para cuerdas<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{\"> <\/span><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><span data-contrast=\"none\">Requisitos adicionales para el dise\u00f1o y la aplicaci\u00f3n de aparatos elevadores por vac\u00edo<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{\"> <\/span><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><span data-contrast=\"none\">Incorporaci\u00f3n de la norma ASME B30.1-2020 a los requisitos de potencia de fluidos<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{\"> <\/span><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><span data-contrast=\"none\">Requisitos adicionales a\u00f1adidos para abordar los accesorios de elevaci\u00f3n y los bloques de carga<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{\"> <\/span><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><span data-contrast=\"none\">Par\u00e1metros de dise\u00f1o de fatiga actualizados<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{\"> <\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><b><span data-contrast=\"none\">Clasificaciones de elevadores de ASME BTH-1<\/span><\/b><span data-ccp-props=\"{\"> <\/span><\/h3>\n\n<p><span data-contrast=\"none\">Uno de los aspectos importantes de ASME BTH-1 son las clasificaciones de los elevadores, que se utilizan para determinar los <a href=\"https:\/\/sdcverifier.com\/es\/articles\/analisis-por-elementos-finitos-aef-que-es-como-funciona-y-cuando-confiar-en-el\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">criterios de dise\u00f1o<\/a> y los factores de seguridad de los dispositivos de elevaci\u00f3n. ASME BTH-1 define cuatro tipos de clasificaciones de los elevadores: categor\u00eda de dise\u00f1o, clase de servicio, factor de geometr\u00eda de la carga y carga nominal. <\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{\"> <\/span><\/p>\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><span data-contrast=\"none\">La categor\u00eda de dise\u00f1o es una clasificaci\u00f3n basada en la probabilidad de fallo del dispositivo de elevaci\u00f3n. <strong>Va de la A a la E<\/strong>, siendo <strong>la A<\/strong> la <em>m\u00e1s baja<\/em> y la <strong>E<\/strong> la <em>m\u00e1s alta<\/em>. La categor\u00eda de dise\u00f1o depende de las consecuencias del fallo, la fiabilidad requerida, la frecuencia de inspecci\u00f3n y el control de calidad. Cuanto mayor sea la categor\u00eda de dise\u00f1o, menor ser\u00e1 la tensi\u00f3n admisible y mayor el factor de seguridad del dispositivo de elevaci\u00f3n.   <\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{\"> <\/span><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><span data-contrast=\"none\">La clase de servicio es una clasificaci\u00f3n basada en el uso y la carga del dispositivo de elevaci\u00f3n. <strong>Va de 0 a 4<\/strong>, siendo <strong>0<\/strong> la <em>m\u00e1s baja<\/em> y <strong>4<\/strong> la <em>m\u00e1s alta<\/em>. La clase de servicio depende del n\u00famero de ciclos de carga, el espectro de carga, la duraci\u00f3n de la carga y la frecuencia de la carga. Cuanto mayor sea la clase de servicio, menor ser\u00e1 la tensi\u00f3n admisible y mayor el factor de seguridad del dispositivo de elevaci\u00f3n.   <\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{\"> <\/span><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><span data-contrast=\"none\">El factor de geometr\u00eda de la carga es una clasificaci\u00f3n basada en la forma y el tama\u00f1o de la carga. Se calcula dividiendo la dimensi\u00f3n m\u00e1xima de la carga por la dimensi\u00f3n m\u00ednima de la carga. El factor de geometr\u00eda de la carga afecta a la estabilidad y a la distribuci\u00f3n de esfuerzos del dispositivo de elevaci\u00f3n. Cuanto mayor sea el factor de geometr\u00eda de la carga, mayor ser\u00e1 la tensi\u00f3n admisible y menor el factor de seguridad del dispositivo de elevaci\u00f3n.   <\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{\"> <\/span><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><span data-contrast=\"none\">La carga nominal es la carga m\u00e1xima que el dispositivo de elevaci\u00f3n est\u00e1 dise\u00f1ado para levantar. La establece el dise\u00f1ador bas\u00e1ndose en el peso de la carga, la geometr\u00eda de la carga, el equilibrio de la carga, el control de la carga y los factores ambientales. La carga nominal no debe superar la capacidad del polipasto, gr\u00faa u otro equipo de elevaci\u00f3n. La carga nominal debe estar claramente marcada en el dispositivo de elevaci\u00f3n.   <\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{\"> <\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n<p><strong>La siguiente tabla muestra los criterios de dise\u00f1o y los factores de seguridad para diferentes clasificaciones de elevadores seg\u00fan ASME BTH-1-2023:  <\/strong><\/p>\n\n<details class=\"wp-block-details is-layout-flow wp-block-details-is-layout-flow\"><summary>Pulse para ver la tabla<\/summary>\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table\"><table><tbody><tr><td>\n<p><b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">Categor\u00eda de dise\u00f1o<\/span><\/b><span data-ccp-props=\"{\"> <\/span><\/p>\n<\/td><td>\n<p><b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">Clase de servicio<\/span><\/b><span data-ccp-props=\"{\"> <\/span><\/p>\n<\/td><td>\n<p><b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">Factor de geometr\u00eda de la carga<\/span><\/b><span data-ccp-props=\"{\"> <\/span><\/p>\n<\/td><td>\n<p><b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">Tensi\u00f3n admisible<\/span><\/b><span data-ccp-props=\"{\"> <\/span><\/p>\n<\/td><td>\n<p><b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">Factor de seguridad<\/span><\/b><span data-ccp-props=\"{\"> <\/span><\/p>\n<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">A<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{\"> <\/span><\/p>\n<\/td><td>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">0<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{\"> <\/span><\/p>\n<\/td><td>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">1<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{\"> <\/span><\/p>\n<\/td><td>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">0,75 Fy<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{\"> <\/span><\/p>\n<\/td><td>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">1.33<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{\"> <\/span><\/p>\n<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">A<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{\"> <\/span><\/p>\n<\/td><td>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">0<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{\"> <\/span><\/p>\n<\/td><td>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">2<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{\"> <\/span><\/p>\n<\/td><td>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">0,50 Fy<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{\"> <\/span><\/p>\n<\/td><td>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">2.00<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{\"> <\/span><\/p>\n<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">A<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{\"> <\/span><\/p>\n<\/td><td>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">0<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{\"> <\/span><\/p>\n<\/td><td>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">3<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{\"> <\/span><\/p>\n<\/td><td>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">0,38 Fy<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{\"> <\/span><\/p>\n<\/td><td>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">2.63<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{\"> <\/span><\/p>\n<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">A<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{\"> <\/span><\/p>\n<\/td><td>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">0<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{\"> <\/span><\/p>\n<\/td><td>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">4<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{\"> <\/span><\/p>\n<\/td><td>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">0,30 Fy<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{\"> <\/span><\/p>\n<\/td><td>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">3.33<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{\"> <\/span><\/p>\n<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">A<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{\"> <\/span><\/p>\n<\/td><td>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">1<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{\"> <\/span><\/p>\n<\/td><td>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">1<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{\"> <\/span><\/p>\n<\/td><td>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">0,60 Fy<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{\"> <\/span><\/p>\n<\/td><td>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">1.67<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{\"> <\/span><\/p>\n<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">A<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{\"> <\/span><\/p>\n<\/td><td>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">1<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{\"> <\/span><\/p>\n<\/td><td>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">2<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{\"> <\/span><\/p>\n<\/td><td>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">0,40 Fy<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{\"> <\/span><\/p>\n<\/td><td>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">2.50<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{\"> <\/span><\/p>\n<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">A<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{\"> <\/span><\/p>\n<\/td><td>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">1<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{\"> <\/span><\/p>\n<\/td><td>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">3<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{\"> <\/span><\/p>\n<\/td><td>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">0,30 Fy<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{\"> <\/span><\/p>\n<\/td><td>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">3.33<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{\"> <\/span><\/p>\n<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">A<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{\"> <\/span><\/p>\n<\/td><td>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">1<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{\"> <\/span><\/p>\n<\/td><td>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">4<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{\"> <\/span><\/p>\n<\/td><td>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">0,24 Fy<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{\"> <\/span><\/p>\n<\/td><td>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">4.17<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{\"> <\/span><\/p>\n<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">A<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{\"> <\/span><\/p>\n<\/td><td>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">2<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{\"> <\/span><\/p>\n<\/td><td>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">1<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{\"> <\/span><\/p>\n<\/td><td>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">0,50 Fy<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{\"> <\/span><\/p>\n<\/td><td>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">2.00<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{\"> <\/span><\/p>\n<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">A<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{\"> <\/span><\/p>\n<\/td><td>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">2<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{\"> <\/span><\/p>\n<\/td><td>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">2<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{\"> <\/span><\/p>\n<\/td><td>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">0,33 Fy<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{\"> <\/span><\/p>\n<\/td><td>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">3.00<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{\"> <\/span><\/p>\n<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">A<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{\"> <\/span><\/p>\n<\/td><td>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">2<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{\"> <\/span><\/p>\n<\/td><td>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">3<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{\"> <\/span><\/p>\n<\/td><td>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">0,25 Fy<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{\"> <\/span><\/p>\n<\/td><td>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">4.00<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{\"> <\/span><\/p>\n<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">A<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{\"> <\/span><\/p>\n<\/td><td>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">2<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{\"> <\/span><\/p>\n<\/td><td>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">4<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{\"> <\/span><\/p>\n<\/td><td>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">0,20 Fy<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{\"> <\/span><\/p>\n<\/td><td>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">5.00<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{\"> <\/span><\/p>\n<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">A<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{\"> <\/span><\/p>\n<\/td><td>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">3<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{\"> <\/span><\/p>\n<\/td><td>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">1<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{\"> <\/span><\/p>\n<\/td><td>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">0,40 Fy<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{\"> <\/span><\/p>\n<\/td><td>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">2.50<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{\"> <\/span><\/p>\n<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">A<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{\"> <\/span><\/p>\n<\/td><td>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">3<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{\"> <\/span><\/p>\n<\/td><td>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">2<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{\"> <\/span><\/p>\n<\/td><td>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">0,27 Fy<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{\"> <\/span><\/p>\n<\/td><td>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">3.70<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{\"> <\/span><\/p>\n<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">A<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{\"> <\/span><\/p>\n<\/td><td>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">3<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{\"> <\/span><\/p>\n<\/td><td>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">3<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{\"> <\/span><\/p>\n<\/td><td>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">0,20 Fy<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{\"> <\/span><\/p>\n<\/td><td>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">5.00<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{\"> <\/span><\/p>\n<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">A<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{\"> <\/span><\/p>\n<\/td><td>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">3<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{\"> <\/span><\/p>\n<\/td><td>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">4<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{\"> <\/span><\/p>\n<\/td><td>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">0,16 Fy<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{\"> <\/span><\/p>\n<\/td><td>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">6.25<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{\"> <\/span><\/p>\n<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">A<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{\"> <\/span><\/p>\n<\/td><td>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">4<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{\"> <\/span><\/p>\n<\/td><td>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">1<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{\"> <\/span><\/p>\n<\/td><td>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">0,33 Fy<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{\"> <\/span><\/p>\n<\/td><td>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">3.00<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{\"> <\/span><\/p>\n<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">A<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{\"> <\/span><\/p>\n<\/td><td>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">4<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{\"> <\/span><\/p>\n<\/td><td>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">2<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{\"> <\/span><\/p>\n<\/td><td>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">0,22 Fy<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{\"> <\/span><\/p>\n<\/td><td>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">4.55<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{\"> <\/span><\/p>\n<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">A<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{\"> <\/span><\/p>\n<\/td><td>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">4<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{\"> <\/span><\/p>\n<\/td><td>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">3<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{\"> <\/span><\/p>\n<\/td><td>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">0,17 Fy<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{\"> <\/span><\/p>\n<\/td><td>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">5.88<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{\"> <\/span><\/p>\n<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">A<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{\"> <\/span><\/p>\n<\/td><td>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">4<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{\"> <\/span><\/p>\n<\/td><td>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">4<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{\"> <\/span><\/p>\n<\/td><td>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">0,13 Fy<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{\"> <\/span><\/p>\n<\/td><td>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">7.69<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{\"> <\/span><\/p>\n<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">B<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{\"> <\/span><\/p>\n<\/td><td>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">0<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{\"> <\/span><\/p>\n<\/td><td>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">1<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{\"> <\/span><\/p>\n<\/td><td>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">0,60 Fy<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{\"> <\/span><\/p>\n<\/td><td>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">1.67<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{\"> <\/span><\/p>\n<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">B<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{\"> <\/span><\/p>\n<\/td><td>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">0<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{\"> <\/span><\/p>\n<\/td><td>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">2<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{\"> <\/span><\/p>\n<\/td><td>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">0,40 Fy<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{\"> <\/span><\/p>\n<\/td><td>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">2.50<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{\"> <\/span><\/p>\n<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">B<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{\"> <\/span><\/p>\n<\/td><td>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">0<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{\"> <\/span><\/p>\n<\/td><td>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">3<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{\"> <\/span><\/p>\n<\/td><td>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">0,30 Fy<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{\"> <\/span><\/p>\n<\/td><td>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">3.33<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{\"> <\/span><\/p>\n<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">B<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{\"> <\/span><\/p>\n<\/td><td>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">0<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{\"> <\/span><\/p>\n<\/td><td>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">4<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{\"> <\/span><\/p>\n<\/td><td>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">0,24 Fy<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{\"> <\/span><\/p>\n<\/td><td>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">4.17<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{\"> <\/span><\/p>\n<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">B<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{\"> <\/span><\/p>\n<\/td><td>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">1<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{\"> <\/span><\/p>\n<\/td><td>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">1<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{\"> <\/span><\/p>\n<\/td><td>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">0,50 Fy<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{\"> <\/span><\/p>\n<\/td><td>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">2.00<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{\"> <\/span><\/p>\n<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">B<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{\"> <\/span><\/p>\n<\/td><td>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">1<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{\"> <\/span><\/p>\n<\/td><td>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">2<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{\"> <\/span><\/p>\n<\/td><td>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">0,33 Fy<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{\"> <\/span><\/p>\n<\/td><td>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">3.00<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{\"> <\/span><\/p>\n<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">B<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{\"> <\/span><\/p>\n<\/td><td>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">1<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{\"> <\/span><\/p>\n<\/td><td>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">3<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{\"> <\/span><\/p>\n<\/td><td>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">0,25 Fy<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{\"> <\/span><\/p>\n<\/td><td>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">4.00<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{\"> <\/span><\/p>\n<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">B<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{\"> <\/span><\/p>\n<\/td><td>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">1<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{\"> <\/span><\/p>\n<\/td><td>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">4<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{\"> <\/span><\/p>\n<\/td><td>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">0,20 Fy<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{\"> <\/span><\/p>\n<\/td><td>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">5.00<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{\"> <\/span><\/p>\n<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">B<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{\"> <\/span><\/p>\n<\/td><td>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">2<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{\"> <\/span><\/p>\n<\/td><td>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">1<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{\"> <\/span><\/p>\n<\/td><td>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">0,40 Fy<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{\"> <\/span><\/p>\n<\/td><td>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">2.50<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{\"> <\/span><\/p>\n<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">B<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{\"> <\/span><\/p>\n<\/td><td>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">2<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{\"> <\/span><\/p>\n<\/td><td>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">2<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{\"> <\/span><\/p>\n<\/td><td>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">0,27 Fy<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{\"> <\/span><\/p>\n<\/td><td>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">3.70<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{\"> <\/span><\/p>\n<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">B<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{\"> <\/span><\/p>\n<\/td><td>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">2<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{\"> <\/span><\/p>\n<\/td><td>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">3<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{\"> <\/span><\/p>\n<\/td><td>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">0,20 Fy<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{\"> <\/span><\/p>\n<\/td><td>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">5.00<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{\"> <\/span><\/p>\n<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">B<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{\"> <\/span><\/p>\n<\/td><td>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">2<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{\"> <\/span><\/p>\n<\/td><td>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">4<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{\"> <\/span><\/p>\n<\/td><td>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">0,16 Fy<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{\"> <\/span><\/p>\n<\/td><td>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">6.25<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{\"> <\/span><\/p>\n<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">B<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{\"> <\/span><\/p>\n<\/td><td>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">3<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{\"> <\/span><\/p>\n<\/td><td>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">1<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{\"> <\/span><\/p>\n<\/td><td>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">0,33 Fy<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{\"> <\/span><\/p>\n<\/td><td>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">3.00<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{\"> <\/span><\/p>\n<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">B<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{\"> <\/span><\/p>\n<\/td><td>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">3<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{\"> <\/span><\/p>\n<\/td><td>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">2<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{\"> <\/span><\/p>\n<\/td><td>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">0,22 Fy<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{\"> <\/span><\/p>\n<\/td><td>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">4.55<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{\"> <\/span><\/p>\n<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">B<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{\"> <\/span><\/p>\n<\/td><td>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">3<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{\"> <\/span><\/p>\n<\/td><td>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">3<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{\"> <\/span><\/p>\n<\/td><td>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">0,17 Fy<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{\"> <\/span><\/p>\n<\/td><td>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">5.88<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{\"> <\/span><\/p>\n<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">B<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{\"> <\/span><\/p>\n<\/td><td>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">3<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{\"> <\/span><\/p>\n<\/td><td>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">4<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{\"> <\/span><\/p>\n<\/td><td>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">0,13 Fy<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{\"> <\/span><\/p>\n<\/td><td>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">7.69<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{\"> <\/span><\/p>\n<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">B<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{\"> <\/span><\/p>\n<\/td><td>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">4<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{\"> <\/span><\/p>\n<\/td><td>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">1<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{\"> <\/span><\/p>\n<\/td><td>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">0,27 Fy<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{\"> <\/span><\/p>\n<\/td><td>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">3.70<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{\"> <\/span><\/p>\n<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">B<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{\"> <\/span><\/p>\n<\/td><td>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">4<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{\"> <\/span><\/p>\n<\/td><td>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">2<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{\"> <\/span><\/p>\n<\/td><td>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">0,18 Fy<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{\"> <\/span><\/p>\n<\/td><td>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">5.56<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{\"> <\/span><\/p>\n<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">B<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{\"> <\/span><\/p>\n<\/td><td>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">4<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{\"> <\/span><\/p>\n<\/td><td>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">3<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{\"> <\/span><\/p>\n<\/td><td>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">0,13 Fy<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{\"> <\/span><\/p>\n<\/td><td>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">7.69<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{\"> <\/span><\/p>\n<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">B<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{\"> <\/span><\/p>\n<\/td><td>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">4<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{\"> <\/span><\/p>\n<\/td><td>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">4<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{\"> <\/span><\/p>\n<\/td><td>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">0,10 Fy<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{\"> <\/span><\/p>\n<\/td><td>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">10.00<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{\"> <\/span><\/p>\n<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">C<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{\"> <\/span><\/p>\n<\/td><td>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">0<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{\"> <\/span><\/p>\n<\/td><td>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">1<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{\"> <\/span><\/p>\n<\/td><td>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">0,50 Fy<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{\"> <\/span><\/p>\n<\/td><td>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">2.00<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{\"> <\/span><\/p>\n<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">C<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{\"> <\/span><\/p>\n<\/td><td>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">0<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{\"> <\/span><\/p>\n<\/td><td>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">2<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{\"> <\/span><\/p>\n<\/td><td>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">0,33 Fy<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{\"> <\/span><\/p>\n<\/td><td>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">3.00<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{\"> <\/span><\/p>\n<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">C<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{\"> <\/span><\/p>\n<\/td><td>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">0<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{\"> <\/span><\/p>\n<\/td><td>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">3<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{\"> <\/span><\/p>\n<\/td><td>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">0,25 Fy<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{\"> <\/span><\/p>\n<\/td><td>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">4.00<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{\"> <\/span><\/p>\n<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">C<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{\"> <\/span><\/p>\n<\/td><td>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">0<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{\"> <\/span><\/p>\n<\/td><td>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">4<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{\"> <\/span><\/p>\n<\/td><td>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">0,20 Fy<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{\"> <\/span><\/p>\n<\/td><td>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">5.00<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{\"> <\/span><\/p>\n<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">C<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{\"> <\/span><\/p>\n<\/td><td>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">1<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{\"> <\/span><\/p>\n<\/td><td>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">1<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{\"> <\/span><\/p>\n<\/td><td>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">0,40 Fy<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{\"> <\/span><\/p>\n<\/td><td>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">2.50<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{\"> <\/span><\/p>\n<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">C<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{\"> <\/span><\/p>\n<\/td><td>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">1<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{\"> <\/span><\/p>\n<\/td><td>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">2<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{\"> <\/span><\/p>\n<\/td><td>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">0,27 Fy<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{\"> <\/span><\/p>\n<\/td><td>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">3.70<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{\"> <\/span><\/p>\n<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">C<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{\"> <\/span><\/p>\n<\/td><td>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">1<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{\"> <\/span><\/p>\n<\/td><td>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">3<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{\"> <\/span><\/p>\n<\/td><td>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">0,20 Fy<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{\"> <\/span><\/p>\n<\/td><td>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">5.00<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{\"> <\/span><\/p>\n<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">C<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{\"> <\/span><\/p>\n<\/td><td>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">1<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{\"> <\/span><\/p>\n<\/td><td>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">4<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{\"> <\/span><\/p>\n<\/td><td>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">0,16 Fy<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{\"> <\/span><\/p>\n<\/td><td>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">6.25<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{\"> <\/span><\/p>\n<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">C<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{\"> <\/span><\/p>\n<\/td><td>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">2<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{\"> <\/span><\/p>\n<\/td><td>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">1<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{\"> <\/span><\/p>\n<\/td><td>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">0,33 Fy<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{\"> <\/span><\/p>\n<\/td><td>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">3.00<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{\"> <\/span><\/p>\n<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">C<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{\"> <\/span><\/p>\n<\/td><td>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">2<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{\"> <\/span><\/p>\n<\/td><td>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">2<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{\"> <\/span><\/p>\n<\/td><td>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">0,22 Fy<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{\"> <\/span><\/p>\n<\/td><td>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">4.55<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{\"> <\/span><\/p>\n<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">C<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{\"> <\/span><\/p>\n<\/td><td>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">2<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{\"> <\/span><\/p>\n<\/td><td>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">3<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{\"> <\/span><\/p>\n<\/td><td>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">0,17 Fy<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{\"> <\/span><\/p>\n<\/td><td>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">5.88<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{\"> <\/span><\/p>\n<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">C<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{\"> <\/span><\/p>\n<\/td><td>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">2<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{\"> <\/span><\/p>\n<\/td><td>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">4<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{\"> <\/span><\/p>\n<\/td><td>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">0,13 Fy<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{\"> <\/span><\/p>\n<\/td><td>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">7.69<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{\"> <\/span><\/p>\n<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">C<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{\"> <\/span><\/p>\n<\/td><td>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">3<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{\"> <\/span><\/p>\n<\/td><td>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">1<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{\"> <\/span><\/p>\n<\/td><td>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">0,27 Fy<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{\"> <\/span><\/p>\n<\/td><td>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">3.70<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{\"> <\/span><\/p>\n<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">C<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{\"> <\/span><\/p>\n<\/td><td>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">3<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{\"> <\/span><\/p>\n<\/td><td>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">2<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{\"> <\/span><\/p>\n<\/td><td>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">0,18 Fy<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{\"> <\/span><\/p>\n<\/td><td>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">5.56<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{\"> <\/span><\/p>\n<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">C<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{\"> <\/span><\/p>\n<\/td><td>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">3<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{\"> <\/span><\/p>\n<\/td><td>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">3<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{\"> <\/span><\/p>\n<\/td><td>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">0,14 Fy<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{\"> <\/span><\/p>\n<\/td><td>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">7.14<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{\"> <\/span><\/p>\n<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">C<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{\"> <\/span><\/p>\n<\/td><td>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">3<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{\"> <\/span><\/p>\n<\/td><td>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">4<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{\"> <\/span><\/p>\n<\/td><td>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">0,11 Fy<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{\"> <\/span><\/p>\n<\/td><td>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">9.09<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{\"> <\/span><\/p>\n<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">C<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{\"> <\/span><\/p>\n<\/td><td>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">4<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{\"> <\/span><\/p>\n<\/td><td>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">1<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{\"> <\/span><\/p>\n<\/td><td>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">0,22 Fy<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{\"> <\/span><\/p>\n<\/td><td>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">4.55<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{\"> <\/span><\/p>\n<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">C<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{\"> <\/span><\/p>\n<\/td><td>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">4<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{\"> <\/span><\/p>\n<\/td><td>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">2<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{\"> <\/span><\/p>\n<\/td><td>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">0,15 Fy<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{\"> <\/span><\/p>\n<\/td><td>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">6.67<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{\"> <\/span><\/p>\n<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">C<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{\"> <\/span><\/p>\n<\/td><td>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">4<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{\"> <\/span><\/p>\n<\/td><td>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">3<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{\"> <\/span><\/p>\n<\/td><td>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">0,11 Fy<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{\"> <\/span><\/p>\n<\/td><td>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">9.09<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{\"> <\/span><\/p>\n<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">C<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{\"> <\/span><\/p>\n<\/td><td>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">4<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{\"> <\/span><\/p>\n<\/td><td>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">4<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{\"> <\/span><\/p>\n<\/td><td>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">0,09 Fy<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{\"> <\/span><\/p>\n<\/td><td>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">11.11<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{\"> <\/span><\/p>\n<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">D<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{\"> <\/span><\/p>\n<\/td><td>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">0<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{\"> <\/span><\/p>\n<\/td><td>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">1<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{\"> <\/span><\/p>\n<\/td><td>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">0,40 Fy<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{\"> <\/span><\/p>\n<\/td><td>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">2.50<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{\"> <\/span><\/p>\n<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">D<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{\"> <\/span><\/p>\n<\/td><td>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">0<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{\"> <\/span><\/p>\n<\/td><td>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">2<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{\"> <\/span><\/p>\n<\/td><td>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">0,27 Fy<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{\"> <\/span><\/p>\n<\/td><td>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">3.70<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{\"> <\/span><\/p>\n<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">D<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{\"> <\/span><\/p>\n<\/td><td>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">0<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{\"> <\/span><\/p>\n<\/td><td>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">3<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{\"> <\/span><\/p>\n<\/td><td>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">0,20 Fy<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{\"> <\/span><\/p>\n<\/td><td>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">5.00<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{\"> <\/span><\/p>\n<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">D<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{\"> <\/span><\/p>\n<\/td><td>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">0<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{\"> <\/span><\/p>\n<\/td><td>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">4<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{\"> <\/span><\/p>\n<\/td><td>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">0,16 Fy<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{\"> <\/span><\/p>\n<\/td><td>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">6.25<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{\"> <\/span><\/p>\n<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">D<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{\"> <\/span><\/p>\n<\/td><td>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">1<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{\"> <\/span><\/p>\n<\/td><td>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">1<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{\"> <\/span><\/p>\n<\/td><td>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">0,33 Fy<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{\"> <\/span><\/p>\n<\/td><td>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">3.00<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{\"> <\/span><\/p>\n<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">D<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{\"> <\/span><\/p>\n<\/td><td>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">1<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{\"> <\/span><\/p>\n<\/td><td>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">2<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{\"> <\/span><\/p>\n<\/td><td>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">0,22 Fy<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{\"> <\/span><\/p>\n<\/td><td>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">4.55<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{\"> <\/span><\/p>\n<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">D<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{\"> <\/span><\/p>\n<\/td><td>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">1<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{\"> <\/span><\/p>\n<\/td><td>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">3<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{\"> <\/span><\/p>\n<\/td><td>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">0,17 Fy<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{\"> <\/span><\/p>\n<\/td><td>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">5.88<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{\"> <\/span><\/p>\n<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">D<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{\"> <\/span><\/p>\n<\/td><td>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">1<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{\"> <\/span><\/p>\n<\/td><td>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">4<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{\"> <\/span><\/p>\n<\/td><td>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">0,13 Fy<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{\"> <\/span><\/p>\n<\/td><td>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">7.69<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{\"> <\/span><\/p>\n<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">D<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{\"> <\/span><\/p>\n<\/td><td>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">2<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{\"> <\/span><\/p>\n<\/td><td>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">1<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{\"> <\/span><\/p>\n<\/td><td>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">0,27 Fy<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{\"> <\/span><\/p>\n<\/td><td>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">3.70<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{\"> <\/span><\/p>\n<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">D<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{\"> <\/span><\/p>\n<\/td><td>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">2<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{\"> <\/span><\/p>\n<\/td><td>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">2<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{\"> <\/span><\/p>\n<\/td><td>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">0,18 Fy<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{\"> <\/span><\/p>\n<\/td><td>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">5.56<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{\"> <\/span><\/p>\n<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">D<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{\"> <\/span><\/p>\n<\/td><td>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">2<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{\"> <\/span><\/p>\n<\/td><td>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">3<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{\"> <\/span><\/p>\n<\/td><td>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">0,14 Fy<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{\"> <\/span><\/p>\n<\/td><td>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">7.14<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{\"> <\/span><\/p>\n<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">D<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{\"> <\/span><\/p>\n<\/td><td>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">2<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{\"> <\/span><\/p>\n<\/td><td>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">4<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{\"> <\/span><\/p>\n<\/td><td>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">0,11 Fy<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{\"> <\/span><\/p>\n<\/td><td>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">9.09<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{\"> <\/span><\/p>\n<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">D<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{\"> <\/span><\/p>\n<\/td><td>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">3<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{\"> <\/span><\/p>\n<\/td><td>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">1<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{\"> <\/span><\/p>\n<\/td><td>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">0,22 Fy<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{\"> <\/span><\/p>\n<\/td><td>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">4.55<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{\"> <\/span><\/p>\n<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">D<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{\"> <\/span><\/p>\n<\/td><td>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">3<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{\"> <\/span><\/p>\n<\/td><td>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">2<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{\"> <\/span><\/p>\n<\/td><td>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">0,15 Fy<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{\"> <\/span><\/p>\n<\/td><td>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">6.67<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{\"> <\/span><\/p>\n<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">D<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{\"> <\/span><\/p>\n<\/td><td>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">3<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{\"> <\/span><\/p>\n<\/td><td>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">3<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{\"> <\/span><\/p>\n<\/td><td>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">0,11 Fy<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{\"> <\/span><\/p>\n<\/td><td>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">9.09<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{\"> <\/span><\/p>\n<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">D<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{\"> <\/span><\/p>\n<\/td><td>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">3<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{\"> <\/span><\/p>\n<\/td><td>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">4<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{\"> <\/span><\/p>\n<\/td><td>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">0,09 Fy<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{\"> <\/span><\/p>\n<\/td><td>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">11.11<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{\"> <\/span><\/p>\n<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">D<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{\"> <\/span><\/p>\n<\/td><td>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">4<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{\"> <\/span><\/p>\n<\/td><td>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">1<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{\"> <\/span><\/p>\n<\/td><td>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">0,18 Fy<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{\"> <\/span><\/p>\n<\/td><td>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">5.56<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{\"> <\/span><\/p>\n<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">D<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{\"> <\/span><\/p>\n<\/td><td>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">4<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{\"> <\/span><\/p>\n<\/td><td>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">2<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{\"> <\/span><\/p>\n<\/td><td>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">0,12 Fy<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{\"> <\/span><\/p>\n<\/td><td>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">8.33<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{\"> <\/span><\/p>\n<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">D<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{\"> <\/span><\/p>\n<\/td><td>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">4<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{\"> <\/span><\/p>\n<\/td><td>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">3<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{\"> <\/span><\/p>\n<\/td><td>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">0,09 Fy<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{\"> <\/span><\/p>\n<\/td><td>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">11.11<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{\"> <\/span><\/p>\n<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">D<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{\"> <\/span><\/p>\n<\/td><td>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">4<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{\"> <\/span><\/p>\n<\/td><td>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">4<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{\"> <\/span><\/p>\n<\/td><td>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">0,07 Fy<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{\"> <\/span><\/p>\n<\/td><td>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">14.29<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{\"> <\/span><\/p>\n<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">E<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{\"> <\/span><\/p>\n<\/td><td>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">0<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{\"> <\/span><\/p>\n<\/td><td>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">1<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{\"> <\/span><\/p>\n<\/td><td>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">0,33 Fy<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{\"> <\/span><\/p>\n<\/td><td>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">3.00<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{\"> <\/span><\/p>\n<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">E<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{\"> <\/span><\/p>\n<\/td><td>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">0<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{\"> <\/span><\/p>\n<\/td><td>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">2<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{\"> <\/span><\/p>\n<\/td><td>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">0,22 Fy<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{\"> <\/span><\/p>\n<\/td><td>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">4.55<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{\"> <\/span><\/p>\n<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">E<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{\"> <\/span><\/p>\n<\/td><td>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">0<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{\"> <\/span><\/p>\n<\/td><td>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">3<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{\"> <\/span><\/p>\n<\/td><td>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">0,17 Fy<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{\"> <\/span><\/p>\n<\/td><td>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">5.88<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{\"> <\/span><\/p>\n<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">E<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{\"> <\/span><\/p>\n<\/td><td>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">0<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{\"> <\/span><\/p>\n<\/td><td>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">4<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{\"> <\/span><\/p>\n<\/td><td>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">0,13 Fy<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{\"> <\/span><\/p>\n<\/td><td>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">7.69<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{\"> <\/span><\/p>\n<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">E<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{\"> <\/span><\/p>\n<\/td><td>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">1<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{\"> <\/span><\/p>\n<\/td><td>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">1<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{\"> <\/span><\/p>\n<\/td><td>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">0,27 Fy<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{\"> <\/span><\/p>\n<\/td><td>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">3.70<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{\"> <\/span><\/p>\n<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">E<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{\"> <\/span><\/p>\n<\/td><td>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">1<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{\"> <\/span><\/p>\n<\/td><td>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">2<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{\"> <\/span><\/p>\n<\/td><td>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">0,18 Fy<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{\"> <\/span><\/p>\n<\/td><td>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">5.56<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{\"> <\/span><\/p>\n<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">E<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{\"> <\/span><\/p>\n<\/td><td>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">1<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{\"> <\/span><\/p>\n<\/td><td>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">3<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{\"> <\/span><\/p>\n<\/td><td>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">0,14 Fy<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{\"> <\/span><\/p>\n<\/td><td>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">7.14<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{\"> <\/span><\/p>\n<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">E<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{\"> <\/span><\/p>\n<\/td><td>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">1<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{\"> <\/span><\/p>\n<\/td><td>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">4<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{\"> <\/span><\/p>\n<\/td><td>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">0,11 Fy<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{\"> <\/span><\/p>\n<\/td><td>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">9.09<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{\"> <\/span><\/p>\n<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">E<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{\"> <\/span><\/p>\n<\/td><td>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">2<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{\"> <\/span><\/p>\n<\/td><td>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">1<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{\"> <\/span><\/p>\n<\/td><td>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">0,22 Fy<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{\"> <\/span><\/p>\n<\/td><td>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">4.55<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{\"> <\/span><\/p>\n<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">E<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{\"> <\/span><\/p>\n<\/td><td>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">2<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{\"> <\/span><\/p>\n<\/td><td>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">2<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{\"> <\/span><\/p>\n<\/td><td>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">0,15 Fy<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{\"> <\/span><\/p>\n<\/td><td>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">6.67<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{\"> <\/span><\/p>\n<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">E<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{\"> <\/span><\/p>\n<\/td><td>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">2<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{\"> <\/span><\/p>\n<\/td><td>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">3<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{\"> <\/span><\/p>\n<\/td><td>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">0,11 Fy<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{\"> <\/span><\/p>\n<\/td><td>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">9.09<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{\"> <\/span><\/p>\n<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">E<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{\"> <\/span><\/p>\n<\/td><td>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">2<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{\"> <\/span><\/p>\n<\/td><td>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">4<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{\"> <\/span><\/p>\n<\/td><td>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">0,09 Fy<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{\"> <\/span><\/p>\n<\/td><td>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">11.11<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{\"> <\/span><\/p>\n<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">E<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{\"> <\/span><\/p>\n<\/td><td>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">3<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{\"> <\/span><\/p>\n<\/td><td>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">1<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{\"> <\/span><\/p>\n<\/td><td>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">0,18 Fy<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{\"> <\/span><\/p>\n<\/td><td>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">5.56<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{\"> <\/span><\/p>\n<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">E<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{\"> <\/span><\/p>\n<\/td><td>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">3<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{\"> <\/span><\/p>\n<\/td><td>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">2<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{\"> <\/span><\/p>\n<\/td><td>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">0,12 Fy<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{\"> <\/span><\/p>\n<\/td><td>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">8.33<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{\"> <\/span><\/p>\n<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">E<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{\"> <\/span><\/p>\n<\/td><td>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">3<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{\"> <\/span><\/p>\n<\/td><td>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">3<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{\"> <\/span><\/p>\n<\/td><td>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">0,09 Fy<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{\"> <\/span><\/p>\n<\/td><td>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">11.11<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{\"> <\/span><\/p>\n<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">E<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{\"> <\/span><\/p>\n<\/td><td>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">3<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{\"> <\/span><\/p>\n<\/td><td>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">4<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{\"> <\/span><\/p>\n<\/td><td>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">0,07 Fy<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{\"> <\/span><\/p>\n<\/td><td>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">14.29<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{\"> <\/span><\/p>\n<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">E<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{\"> <\/span><\/p>\n<\/td><td>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">4<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{\"> <\/span><\/p>\n<\/td><td>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">1<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{\"> <\/span><\/p>\n<\/td><td>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">0,15 Fy<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{\"> <\/span><\/p>\n<\/td><td>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">6.67<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{\"> <\/span><\/p>\n<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">E<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{\"> <\/span><\/p>\n<\/td><td>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">4<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{\"> <\/span><\/p>\n<\/td><td>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">2<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{\"> <\/span><\/p>\n<\/td><td>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">0,10 Fy<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{\"> <\/span><\/p>\n<\/td><td>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">10.00<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{\"> <\/span><\/p>\n<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">E<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{\"> <\/span><\/p>\n<\/td><td>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">4<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{\"> <\/span><\/p>\n<\/td><td>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">3<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{\"> <\/span><\/p>\n<\/td><td>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">0,08 Fy<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{\"> <\/span><\/p>\n<\/td><td>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">12.50<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{\"> <\/span><\/p>\n<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">E<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{\"> <\/span><\/p>\n<\/td><td>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">4<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{\"> <\/span><\/p>\n<\/td><td>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">4<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{\"> <\/span><\/p>\n<\/td><td>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">0,06 Fy<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{\"> <\/span><\/p>\n<\/td><td>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">16.67<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{\"> <\/span><\/p>\n<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-preformatted\"><i><span data-contrast=\"none\">donde Fy es el l\u00edmite el\u00e1stico m\u00ednimo especificado del material.<\/span><\/i><span data-ccp-props=\"{\"> <\/span><\/pre>\n<\/details>\n\n<p><strong>Ejemplo  <\/strong><\/p>\n\n<p><span data-contrast=\"none\">Suponga que est\u00e1 dise\u00f1ando un elevador para un componente de fabricaci\u00f3n cr\u00edtico (Categor\u00eda A). Para uso ocasional (Clase de servicio 0), se aplica un Factor de geometr\u00eda de carga de 1. Su material tiene un l\u00edmite el\u00e1stico (Fy) de 50.000 psi.  <\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{\"> <\/span><\/p>\n\n<p><span data-contrast=\"none\">Sus c\u00e1lculos ser\u00edan los siguientes:<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{\"> <\/span><\/p>\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><b><span data-contrast=\"none\">Esfuerzo admisible:<\/span><\/b><span data-contrast=\"none\"> 0,75 * 50.000 = 37.500 psi<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{\"> <\/span><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><b><span data-contrast=\"none\">Factor de seguridad:<\/span><\/b><span data-contrast=\"none\"> 1.33<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{\"> <\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n<p><span data-contrast=\"none\">Esto significa que usted dise\u00f1a el elevador de forma que la tensi\u00f3n m\u00e1xima prevista que podr\u00eda experimentar en servicio nunca supere los 37.500 psi, lo que le proporciona un factor de seguridad de 1,33 veces las cargas previstas.<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{\"> <\/span><\/p>\n\n<div class=\"split\"> <\/div><h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><b><span data-contrast=\"none\">\u00bfQu\u00e9 es ASME B30.20?<\/span><\/b><span data-ccp-props=\"{\"> <\/span><\/h2>\n\n<p><span data-contrast=\"none\"><strong>ASME B30.20 es una norma que establece los requisitos de seguridad<\/strong> para los dispositivos de elevaci\u00f3n por debajo del gancho. Se aplica al marcado, la construcci\u00f3n, la instalaci\u00f3n, la inspecci\u00f3n, las pruebas, el mantenimiento y el funcionamiento de cualquier dispositivo que se utilice para sujetar una carga a un polipasto, como los dispositivos de elevaci\u00f3n estructurales y mec\u00e1nicos, los dispositivos de elevaci\u00f3n por vac\u00edo, los imanes de elevaci\u00f3n de proximidad operados, los imanes de elevaci\u00f3n operados a distancia o las pinzas para chatarra y manipulaci\u00f3n de materiales. Tambi\u00e9n se aplica a las pinzas utilizadas para el posicionamiento y el anclaje.    <\/span><\/p>\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter size-large\"><a href=\"https:\/\/sdcverifier.com\/es\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/02\/asme-b-30-20.jpg\"><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"576\" src=\"https:\/\/sdcverifier.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/02\/asme-b-30-20-1024x576.jpg\" alt=\"ASME B30.20. Vigas separadoras \" class=\"wp-image-62591\" srcset=\"https:\/\/sdcverifier.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/02\/asme-b-30-20-1024x576.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/sdcverifier.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/02\/asme-b-30-20-802x451.jpg 802w, https:\/\/sdcverifier.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/02\/asme-b-30-20-300x169.jpg 300w, https:\/\/sdcverifier.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/02\/asme-b-30-20-768x432.jpg 768w, https:\/\/sdcverifier.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/02\/asme-b-30-20-1536x864.jpg 1536w, https:\/\/sdcverifier.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/02\/asme-b-30-20-550x310.jpg 550w, https:\/\/sdcverifier.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/02\/asme-b-30-20.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><\/a><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"none\">ASME B30.20 forma parte de la serie ASME B30, que es una colecci\u00f3n de normas que cubren diversos aspectos de telef\u00e9ricos, gr\u00faas, torres de perforaci\u00f3n, polipastos, ganchos, gatos y eslingas. <a href=\"https:\/\/www.asme.org\/codes-standards\/find-codes-standards\/b30-20-hook-lifting-devices\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" class=\"ek-link\">ASME B30.20 pretende complementar a ASME BTH-1<\/a>, que es otra norma que cubre los criterios de dise\u00f1o de los dispositivos de elevaci\u00f3n por debajo del gancho. ASME B30.20 se centra en los aspectos de seguridad, mientras que ASME BTH-1 se centra en los aspectos de dise\u00f1o.   <\/span><\/p>\n\n<p><span data-contrast=\"none\">La norma ASME B30.20 exige que los dispositivos de elevaci\u00f3n sean manejados por una persona cualificada.<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{\"> <\/span><\/p>\n\n<p><span data-contrast=\"none\">Tambi\u00e9n especifica los procedimientos de marcado, inspecci\u00f3n, prueba y mantenimiento que deben seguirse para garantizar el funcionamiento seguro de los dispositivos de elevaci\u00f3n. Proporciona directrices y precauciones para el uso y manejo adecuados de los dispositivos de elevaci\u00f3n, como la capacidad de carga, el equilibrio de la carga, el control de la carga y los factores medioambientales. <\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{\"> <\/span><\/p>\n\n<p><span data-contrast=\"none\">La \u00faltima edici\u00f3n de ASME B30.20 se public\u00f3 en 2021 e incluye algunos cambios respecto a la edici\u00f3n anterior, como:<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{\"> <\/span><\/p>\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><span data-contrast=\"none\">Revisiones de los requisitos de las pruebas de carga<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{\"> <\/span><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><span data-contrast=\"none\">Aclaraci\u00f3n de los requisitos de inspecci\u00f3n frecuente y peri\u00f3dica<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{\"> <\/span><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><span data-contrast=\"none\">Criterios para la retirada de servicio de un dispositivo de elevaci\u00f3n si se dan ciertas condiciones que podr\u00edan dar lugar a un funcionamiento inseguro, como guardas o sujeciones sueltas o ausentes, indicios de da\u00f1os por calor, corrosi\u00f3n excesiva o deformaci\u00f3n, grietas o desgaste.<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{\"> <\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><b><span data-contrast=\"none\">Requisitos de seguridad de ASME B30.20<\/span><\/b><span data-ccp-props=\"{\"> <\/span><\/h3>\n\n<p><span data-contrast=\"none\">Uno de los aspectos importantes de la norma ASME B30.20 son los requisitos de seguridad, que se utilizan para garantizar el rendimiento y el funcionamiento seguros de los dispositivos de elevaci\u00f3n. ASME B30.20 define cuatro tipos de requisitos de seguridad: <strong>marcado, inspecci\u00f3n, pruebas y mantenimiento<\/strong>. <\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{\"> <\/span><\/p>\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><span data-contrast=\"none\">El marcado es el proceso de aplicar etiquetas de identificaci\u00f3n e informaci\u00f3n al aparato elevador y sus componentes. El marcado debe incluir el nombre y la marca del fabricante, la carga nominal, el n\u00famero de serie, el peso del aparato y cualquier otro dato o advertencia relevante. El marcado debe ser legible, duradero y visible para el operador y el inspector.  <\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{\"> <\/span><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><span data-contrast=\"none\">La inspecci\u00f3n es el proceso de examinar el aparato elevador y sus componentes para detectar cualquier defecto, da\u00f1o o desgaste que pueda afectar a su funcionamiento o seguridad. La inspecci\u00f3n debe ser realizada por una persona cualificada a intervalos regulares, dependiendo de la frecuencia y severidad del uso. La inspecci\u00f3n debe seguir los procedimientos y criterios especificados por el fabricante y la norma. Los resultados de la inspecci\u00f3n deben registrarse y notificarse a la autoridad responsable.   <\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{\"> <\/span><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><span data-contrast=\"none\">Las pruebas son el proceso de verificaci\u00f3n de la capacidad y funcionalidad del aparato elevador y sus componentes. Las pruebas deben ser realizadas por una persona cualificada antes del uso inicial, despu\u00e9s de cualquier reparaci\u00f3n o modificaci\u00f3n y siempre que el inspector lo considere necesario. Las pruebas deben seguir los procedimientos y criterios especificados por el fabricante y la norma. Los resultados de las pruebas deben ser registrados y comunicados a la autoridad responsable.   <\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{\"> <\/span><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><span data-contrast=\"none\">El mantenimiento es el proceso de reparaci\u00f3n, ajuste, limpieza, lubricaci\u00f3n y sustituci\u00f3n del dispositivo de elevaci\u00f3n y sus componentes. El mantenimiento debe ser realizado por una persona cualificada, tal y como exigen los resultados de la inspecci\u00f3n y las pruebas, las recomendaciones del fabricante y la norma. El mantenimiento debe seguir los procedimientos y criterios especificados por el fabricante y la norma. Los registros de mantenimiento deben conservarse y actualizarse.   <\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{\"> <\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n<div class=\"split\"> <\/div><h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><b><span data-contrast=\"none\">\u00bfC\u00f3mo puede ayudarle SDC Verifier a cumplir las normas ASME?<\/span><\/b><span data-ccp-props=\"{\"> <\/span><\/h2>\n\n<p><span data-contrast=\"none\">SDC Verifier es una empresa de software y consultor\u00eda que proporciona soluciones avanzadas de simulaci\u00f3n y verificaci\u00f3n de normas para la ingenier\u00eda estructural. Nuestro software, <a href=\"https:\/\/sdcverifier.com\/es\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">SDC Verifier<\/a>, es una potente herramienta que puede ayudarle a dise\u00f1ar y verificar seg\u00fan diversas normas. <\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{\"> <\/span><\/p>\n\n<p>Actualmente, en SDC Verifier, es posible realizar la comprobaci\u00f3n de c\u00f3digos seg\u00fan cinco <a href=\"https:\/\/sdcverifier.com\/es\/engineering-standards\/normas-asme\/\" target=\"_blank\" data-type=\"link\" data-id=\"https:\/\/sdcverifier.com\/engineering-standards\/asme-standards\/\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">normas ASME<\/a>:<\/p>\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>ASME Secci\u00f3n VIII, Divisi\u00f3n 2, 2010 &#8211; Dise\u00f1o para comprobaci\u00f3n de esfuerzos longitudinales. La secci\u00f3n 8 est\u00e1 dedicada a los recipientes a presi\u00f3n. <\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>ASME B31.8-2018 (Sistemas de tuber\u00edas de transporte y distribuci\u00f3n de gas)<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>ASME BTH-1 &#8211; Dispositivos de elevaci\u00f3n por debajo del gancho (2017, 2020, 2023)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"802\" height=\"300\" src=\"https:\/\/sdcverifier.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/02\/image-802x300.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-70060\" srcset=\"https:\/\/sdcverifier.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/02\/image-802x300.png 802w, https:\/\/sdcverifier.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/02\/image-300x112.png 300w, https:\/\/sdcverifier.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/02\/image-768x287.png 768w, https:\/\/sdcverifier.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/02\/image.png 1102w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 802px) 100vw, 802px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n<p><span style=\"font-size: revert;color: initial\" data-contrast=\"none\">SDC Verifier puede ayudarle a ahorrar tiempo y dinero automatizando y agilizando el proceso de dise\u00f1o y verificaci\u00f3n. Tambi\u00e9n puede beneficiarse de nuestros conocimientos y experiencia en ingenier\u00eda estructural y verificaci\u00f3n de normas. <\/span><span style=\"font-size: revert;color: initial\" data-ccp-props=\"{\"> <\/span><\/p>\n<style>.kb-row-layout-id62339_5ffa91-6c > .kt-row-column-wrap{align-content:start;}:where(.kb-row-layout-id62339_5ffa91-6c > .kt-row-column-wrap) > .wp-block-kadence-column{justify-content:start;}.kb-row-layout-id62339_5ffa91-6c > .kt-row-column-wrap{column-gap:var(--global-kb-gap-md, 2rem);row-gap:var(--global-kb-gap-md, 2rem);padding-top:15px;padding-right:15px;padding-bottom:15px;padding-left:15px;grid-template-columns:minmax(0, 2fr) minmax(0, 1fr);}.kb-row-layout-id62339_5ffa91-6c{background-color:#ebeff2;}.kb-row-layout-id62339_5ffa91-6c > .kt-row-layout-overlay{opacity:0.30;}@media all and (max-width: 1024px){.kb-row-layout-id62339_5ffa91-6c > .kt-row-column-wrap{grid-template-columns:minmax(0, 2fr) minmax(0, 1fr);}}@media all and (max-width: 767px){.kb-row-layout-id62339_5ffa91-6c > .kt-row-column-wrap{grid-template-columns:minmax(0, 1fr);}}<\/style><div class=\"kb-row-layout-wrap kb-row-layout-id62339_5ffa91-6c alignnone kt-row-has-bg wp-block-kadence-rowlayout\"><div class=\"kt-row-column-wrap kt-has-2-columns kt-row-layout-left-golden kt-tab-layout-inherit kt-mobile-layout-row kt-row-valign-top\">\n<style>.kadence-column62339_4688c2-21 > .kt-inside-inner-col,.kadence-column62339_4688c2-21 > .kt-inside-inner-col:before{border-top-left-radius:0px;border-top-right-radius:0px;border-bottom-right-radius:0px;border-bottom-left-radius:0px;}.kadence-column62339_4688c2-21 > .kt-inside-inner-col{column-gap:var(--global-kb-gap-sm, 1rem);}.kadence-column62339_4688c2-21 > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:column;}.kadence-column62339_4688c2-21 > .kt-inside-inner-col > .aligncenter{width:100%;}.kadence-column62339_4688c2-21 > .kt-inside-inner-col:before{opacity:0.3;}.kadence-column62339_4688c2-21{position:relative;}@media all and (max-width: 1024px){.kadence-column62339_4688c2-21 > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:column;justify-content:center;}}@media all and (max-width: 767px){.kadence-column62339_4688c2-21 > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:column;justify-content:center;}}<\/style>\n<div class=\"wp-block-kadence-column kadence-column62339_4688c2-21 inner-column-1\"><div class=\"kt-inside-inner-col\"><style>.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading62339_a9f219-9b, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading62339_a9f219-9b[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading62339_a9f219-9b\"]{font-size:24px;font-style:normal;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading62339_a9f219-9b mark.kt-highlight, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading62339_a9f219-9b[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading62339_a9f219-9b\"] mark.kt-highlight{font-style:normal;color:#f76a0c;-webkit-box-decoration-break:clone;box-decoration-break:clone;padding-top:0px;padding-right:0px;padding-bottom:0px;padding-left:0px;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading62339_a9f219-9b img.kb-inline-image, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading62339_a9f219-9b[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading62339_a9f219-9b\"] img.kb-inline-image{width:150px;vertical-align:baseline;}<\/style>\n<div class=\"kt-adv-heading62339_a9f219-9b wp-block-kadence-advancedheading\" data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading62339_a9f219-9b\"><strong>Need more information on SDC Verifier Engineering Consultancy?<\/strong><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p>P\u00f3ngase en contacto con el equipo de ingenier\u00eda de SDC Verifier y le ayudaremos a resolver su problema. Vea todos los <a href=\"https:\/\/sdcverifier.com\/es\/consultoria\/servicios-de-ingenieria-estructural\/\" class=\"ek-link\">servicios de consultor\u00eda de AEF<\/a> que SDC Verifier puede proporcionarle.   <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>M\u00e1s informaci\u00f3n sobre <a href=\"https:\/\/sdcverifier.com\/es\/consultoria\/proyectos-de-ingenieria-estructural\/\" class=\"ek-link\">los proyectos de ingenier\u00eda de AEF<\/a> que el Departamento de Ingenier\u00eda de SDC Verifier realiza para nuestros clientes de distintos sectores.<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n<style>.kadence-column62339_481aca-65 > .kt-inside-inner-col{display:flex;}.kadence-column62339_481aca-65 > .kt-inside-inner-col,.kadence-column62339_481aca-65 > .kt-inside-inner-col:before{border-top-left-radius:0px;border-top-right-radius:0px;border-bottom-right-radius:0px;border-bottom-left-radius:0px;}.kadence-column62339_481aca-65 > .kt-inside-inner-col{column-gap:var(--global-kb-gap-sm, 1rem);}.kadence-column62339_481aca-65 > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:column;justify-content:center;}.kadence-column62339_481aca-65 > .kt-inside-inner-col > .aligncenter{width:100%;}.kt-row-column-wrap > .kadence-column62339_481aca-65{align-self:center;}.kt-inner-column-height-full:not(.kt-has-1-columns) > .wp-block-kadence-column.kadence-column62339_481aca-65{align-self:auto;}.kt-inner-column-height-full:not(.kt-has-1-columns) > .wp-block-kadence-column.kadence-column62339_481aca-65 > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:column;justify-content:center;}.kadence-column62339_481aca-65 > .kt-inside-inner-col:before{opacity:0.3;}.kadence-column62339_481aca-65{position:relative;}@media all and (max-width: 1024px){.kt-row-column-wrap > .kadence-column62339_481aca-65{align-self:center;}}@media all and (max-width: 1024px){.kt-inner-column-height-full:not(.kt-has-1-columns) > .wp-block-kadence-column.kadence-column62339_481aca-65{align-self:auto;}}@media all and (max-width: 1024px){.kt-inner-column-height-full:not(.kt-has-1-columns) > .wp-block-kadence-column.kadence-column62339_481aca-65 > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:column;justify-content:center;}}@media all and (max-width: 1024px){.kadence-column62339_481aca-65 > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:column;justify-content:center;}}@media all and (max-width: 767px){.kt-row-column-wrap > .kadence-column62339_481aca-65{align-self:center;}.kt-inner-column-height-full:not(.kt-has-1-columns) > .wp-block-kadence-column.kadence-column62339_481aca-65{align-self:auto;}.kt-inner-column-height-full:not(.kt-has-1-columns) > .wp-block-kadence-column.kadence-column62339_481aca-65 > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:column;justify-content:center;}.kadence-column62339_481aca-65 > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:column;justify-content:center;}}<\/style>\n<div class=\"wp-block-kadence-column kadence-column62339_481aca-65 inner-column-2\"><div class=\"kt-inside-inner-col\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-buttons has-custom-font-size has-medium-font-size is-horizontal is-content-justification-center is-layout-flex wp-container-core-buttons-is-layout-9393892f wp-block-buttons-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-button has-custom-width wp-block-button__width-75 is-style-fill\"><a class=\"wp-block-button__link has-white-color has-text-color has-background has-medium-font-size has-custom-font-size wp-element-button\" href=\"https:\/\/sdcverifier.com\/es\/contacts\/\" style=\"background-color:#39156a\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Contact Us<\/a><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n<\/div><\/div>\n<div class=\"split\"> <\/div><h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><b><span data-contrast=\"none\">Conclusi\u00f3n<\/span><\/b><span data-ccp-props=\"{\"> <\/span><\/h2>\n\n<p><span data-contrast=\"none\">Los dispositivos de elevaci\u00f3n por debajo del gancho son herramientas esenciales para elevar, mover y posicionar cargas de diferentes formas, tama\u00f1os y pesos. Sin embargo, tambi\u00e9n plantean importantes retos y riesgos para los dise\u00f1adores y usuarios de estos dispositivos. Por eso es importante seguir las normas ASME que proporcionan orientaci\u00f3n y las mejores pr\u00e1cticas para los dispositivos de elevaci\u00f3n por debajo del gancho.  <\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{\"> <\/span><\/p>\n\n<p><span data-contrast=\"none\">ASME BTH-1 y ASME B30.20 son dos normas que cubren los requisitos de dise\u00f1o y seguridad de los dispositivos de elevaci\u00f3n por debajo del gancho. Proporcionan criterios m\u00ednimos y recomendaciones para el dise\u00f1o estructural, mec\u00e1nico y el\u00e9ctrico, as\u00ed como el marcado, la construcci\u00f3n, la instalaci\u00f3n, la inspecci\u00f3n, las pruebas, el mantenimiento y el funcionamiento de los dispositivos de elevaci\u00f3n por debajo del gancho. <\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{\"> <\/span><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Los dispositivos de elevaci\u00f3n por debajo del gancho son herramientas que sujetan una carga a un polipasto, una gr\u00faa u otro equipo de elevaci\u00f3n. Pueden tener varias formas, como ganchos, abrazaderas, imanes, eslingas y vigas, y se utilizan para elevar, mover y posicionar cargas de diferentes formas, tama\u00f1os y pesos. Sin embargo, dise\u00f1ar y utilizar [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":16,"featured_media":94691,"parent":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"inline_featured_image":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[617],"tags":[643,625],"class_list":["post-94684","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-articles","tag-eranes-and-lifting-equipment","tag-standards-verification-2"],"acf":[],"aioseo_notices":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/sdcverifier.com\/es\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/94684","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/sdcverifier.com\/es\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/sdcverifier.com\/es\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/sdcverifier.com\/es\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/16"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/sdcverifier.com\/es\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=94684"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/sdcverifier.com\/es\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/94684\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/sdcverifier.com\/es\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/94691"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/sdcverifier.com\/es\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=94684"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/sdcverifier.com\/es\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=94684"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/sdcverifier.com\/es\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=94684"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}